3- Islamic Beliefs (Aqa’ed) - Why Is There One God Only? Sayed Mohammad Baqer Qazwini

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Islamic Beliefs (Aqa’ed) 01, offered in 2017-2018, is now available to take online at Al-Hujjah Islamic Seminary. The first five classes are available to view as a demo to get an idea of how the course is instructed. To register for this class, see all class videos, and take the exams, visit hujjahseminary.com. For any questions, email us at [email protected]

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[0:04]audhu billahi min as-shaytan ar-rajim bismillah r-rahman r-rahim al-hamdu lillahi rabbil alameen

[0:14]o Salalah allah sayidina muhammadin wa ala nabina Baha'i Allah Allah Allah

[0:23]Muhammad Wadi commit in the previous course we examined some signs and

[0:30]arguments that point us to the existence of the Almighty God the

[0:37]existence of an intelligent creator who designed the universe after discussing the

[0:49]existence of God the next step in Islamic beliefs would be to

[0:56]discuss the oneness of allah subhanahu wata'ala so heed the word tohave

[1:02]comes from the root word which means one in arabic when you

[1:12]want to say one you say what what unity so the word

[1:15]tawheed refers us to the oneness of the Almighty God and this

[1:23]is the core of the monotheistic faiths and religions the Abrahamic faiths

[1:30]and all the religions of Allah subhana WA Ta'ala that there is

[1:34]one God historically most human beings have worshiped a creator who they

[1:44]believed created them however we see that in most societies many human

[1:56]beings in history resorted to idolatry and the worshipping of idols they

[2:05]considered these idols to be divine to have had some role in

[2:10]harming them benefiting them creating them and so they worshiped idols one

[2:17]primary reason why people worship idols it's because the human being is

[2:24]used to dealing with tangible objects using your five senses a lot

[2:30]subhanahu wata'ala is above all senses because he's not physical he's not

[2:36]corporal therefore human beings wanted tangible objects to worship because you could

[2:45]see that object you could touch that object this was one primary

[2:49]reason why people deviated and worshipped the idols because for some the

[2:56]concept of worshiping a being that cannot be seen by the eyes

[3:04]was difficult therefore we see that throughout history most people corrupted this

[3:10]belief in the one God and they started worshipping idols and the

[3:16]majority of God's prophets their main goal was to guide people from

[3:22]polytheism and take them to monotheism so the core of the religion

[3:30]of Allah subhana wa ta'ala starts with towhead and hence the first

[3:37]statement of faith is la ilaha illallah you're negating all other gods

[3:43]and establishing there is only one God there is no god but

[3:50]the one god but Allah Subhanahu WA Ta'ala so this is the

[3:55]core of all faiths that allah subhanaw taala has delivered to humanity

[4:00]let's now walk through some proofs or signs that indicate there is

[4:06]only one creator because throughout history this has been disputed most people

[4:11]in the past would worship idols therefore they recognized that there could

[4:17]be multiple gods what are some proofs that we have only one

[4:23]God if you look at the Greeks for example you look at

[4:26]the Romans you look at many parts of the world they did

[4:32]believe in a number of gods they believed in multiple gods and

[4:35]they would assign each God to a roll the god of love

[4:40]the God of War the God of rain so what are some

[4:45]proofs that we can logically examine to indicate there is one God

[4:51]who created the universe and he has no partner the first sign

[4:58]or proof is that when we examine the universe and its laws

[5:04]we see that you have one system the laws are one they're

[5:08]based on one delicate complex system this points you to one designer

[5:20]to one creator who gave you the system so this entire creation

[5:24]points you to one source to one origin you don't see two

[5:33]systems in this life you just see one system and the entire

[5:36]universe is built on this one system that in itself is proof

[5:42]for those with the intellect that there's one designer only one God

[5:48]designed this universe not two three four gods furthermore when you have

[5:53]two gods let's see two God's in charge of designing the universe

[5:57]inevitably you would have clashes amongst them you would have disagreements amongst

[6:04]them and as a result of these disagreements and clashes it would

[6:11]not have been possible to have the stable fixed universe since its

[6:18]creation the universe it's following one path it's following one system that

[6:24]indicates there's only one had there been - you should have seen

[6:30]differences one day the universe is based on this system another day

[6:33]it's going by another system another set of laws but we don't

[6:36]see that it's constant the holy quran in verse 22 of surah

[6:46]al-anbiya point to this argument or proof allah subhanaw taala says bull

[6:51]say to them o messenger those polytheists lokan fe ha Allatoona in

[6:58]la la la face Edyta say if there was another divine being

[7:06]another God another deity then you would see that the heavens and

[7:12]the earth and the universe would basically would have been spoiled they

[7:16]would have collapsed they could not continue in this amazing organized fashion

[7:22]so this is one verse in the Holy Quran which establishes this

[7:34]first point its verse 22 of surah al-anbiya and this is normal

[7:39]even an hour you know everyday life even in our body you

[7:45]have one brain that gives you commands if you had two brains

[7:48]that are commanding your body that wouldn't work you'd have a problem

[7:52]you need to receive commands from one source every you know organization

[8:01]has one president right have you seen an organization that has two

[8:05]presidents for instance this is also natural we understand this that in

[8:09]order to have an efficient system there's one who is the source

[8:13]who's giving you the orders at the end of the day to

[8:18]be consistent when you see this consistency in this universe you know

[8:22]that there's only one source giving orders not to because whenever you

[8:26]have to you won't have such amazing consistency therefore another verse in

[8:32]the holy quran tells us wama kana matter who Manila there is

[8:37]no allah other than allah subhanahu wa'ta'ala there is no deity there

[8:42]is no God besides Allah even leather have Bakula Allah him be

[8:46]mechanic all the Quran says if there were two gods each would

[8:49]have had his own creation his own system well Himal about each

[8:55]one of them would have tried to impose his superiority over the

[8:59]other one and you wouldn't have this consistent system this consistent system

[9:05]tells you there's one in charge there's no competition there's no one

[9:10]trying to impose his superiority over this god it's one God who

[9:14]is in charge and no one is able to challenge the authority

[9:20]of that first source so this is the first proof when we

[9:25]examine Towe hate we know that because the system is organized inconsistent

[9:32]there is one source so one organized system points you to one

[9:48]God one creator one manager who's managing all of this what is

[9:54]the second proof here are there any questions about this first proof

[9:58]this first sign this first indication that there is one creator let's

[10:05]go move on to the second one this was interesting if there

[10:11]weren't two gods if there was another God where are his signs

[10:14]where are his prophets where are his divine books how come we

[10:19]don't see any trace of him this first God right there's many

[10:26]signs he sent so many prophets all of them talked about one

[10:28]source one God that we worship one creator he sent miracles messengers

[10:36]divine books since Adam until the last of the messengers where is

[10:41]the second God how come he's not making himself apparent to us

[10:45]through signs how come he's not sending any messenger to tell us

[10:54]about him in a beautiful hadith Imam Ali ibn ABI Taleb a

[10:56]nice Allah it's so well that he wrote either for his son

[11:01]al imam al hasan an islam or his son Mohammed Abdel Hanafi

[11:04]there are two reports one says he wrote this for imam al

[11:08]hasan one says he wrote this for muhammad imran Hanafi the a

[11:12]man beautifully says a benign no my dear son in the hallo

[11:17]Connolly Rebecca sorry if your Lord had a partner who was another

[11:23]God let's ask our Ursula he would have sent your messengers whenever

[11:27]I toss out a monkey or something you would have seen the

[11:31]signs of his kingdom of his authority but you don't see that

[11:36]is this a coincidence that throughout history all these prophets they invited

[11:42]us to worship one God where's the other God how can we

[11:46]would see any presence for him any messengers who tell us about

[11:53]him so this is a second proof or argument that we can

[11:55]use that points us to one source to one God there is

[12:02]no trace of that second God now you could argue one could

[12:06]argue theoretically maybe there is a second God and he's created another

[12:10]universe and nobody's meddling into each other's business they've agreed I keep

[12:14]this universe to myself and I'll send my signs and the other

[12:20]God has created his own creation we don't know where it is

[12:22]and he has his own signs right someone could argue one flaw

[12:31]with this argument is that this God who's responsible for our universe

[12:36]at least right this God is saying there is no other God

[12:43]he's negating the presence of another God or the existence of another

[12:47]God and he's emphasizing this in every divine book and every messenger

[12:52]he sent is emphasizing this so this god is he truthful when

[12:56]he's negating the existence of that other god or is he lying

[13:00]god forbid we know that in this universe that we live in

[13:08]the signs that came the messengers who came on behalf of God

[13:11]what did they say about the oneness of God they said there

[13:16]is one and there is no other God right so this God

[13:19]who's in charge of our universe is very firm that there is

[13:25]no god is he truthful or is he lying if he is

[13:27]true okay end of argument there is only one God if he

[13:31]is truthful if he is lying then he's actually violating the second

[13:36]God because the second God supposedly in this argument exists and our

[13:42]God the first God says no no he doesn't exist so he's

[13:44]lying so when he's lying first of all that just negates the

[13:50]status of being a God because God doesn't lie for reasons we

[13:53]will discuss in later discussions but the second God how come he

[13:57]doesn't do anything about that you're seeing that every day you're being

[14:01]violated by your partner and he's lying and he's attacking you and

[14:10]he's punishing anyone who's going to worship you and you're just sitting

[14:14]there and you're okay with this what kind of gods are these

[14:18]both of them are lying they're saying I only exist and not

[14:21]the other one and they're cool with this but that tells you

[14:26]there's a fundamental flaw here there's a problem here right when you're

[14:31]being violated every day and what kind of a God is this

[14:33]God who every day he's being lied about and he's being violated

[14:38]what kind of a god is that are you gonna do you

[14:42]have respect for such a God who can't even even you know

[14:46]defend himself from such lies so this is the second argument the

[14:51]imam ali in salam says the fact that you have messengers pointing

[15:00]to one god that means there is one god so had there

[15:09]been another god you would see his signs and messengers he'd send

[15:16]messengers and signs but we don't see that so this is one

[15:26]argument about the oneness the unity of allah subhanho wa taala any

[15:31]questions about this particular argument let's move on to the third one

[15:38]this argument says that being the sole and only owner of the

[15:49]universe and the only one who's running the universe managing the universe

[15:55]creating the creation is definitely completeness and perfection when you're the only

[16:01]one in charge that's a priority that's a type of perfection that

[16:05]everything goes back to you you're fully in charge and God by

[16:09]definition is above all needs Allah has no limits no weaknesses he

[16:17]has no needs so he doesn't need to work out an agreement

[16:20]with anyone or negotiate with anyone in order to manage this universe

[16:25]if there was a second god this first God was in need

[16:32]of negotiating with that other God was in need of working out

[16:35]an agreement that let me run this aspect of the universe you're

[16:41]on that aspect constantly have to negotiate with other that other God

[16:46]this constant need of needing to negotiate with another God limits you

[16:52]and when it limits you it makes you in need and God

[16:55]is not in need of anything even such a limit because if

[17:01]God were in need we will discuss later some philosophical arguments that

[17:07]says whenever something is in need cannot be God who was eternally

[17:12]always there and who has the absolute power God cannot be limited

[17:16]once you limit God God becomes in need 1 he once he

[17:22]becomes in need he cannot be that infinite divine power who created

[17:26]the universe so unless - Allah is not in need of anything

[17:32]if there's another guy you have to negotiate with that other God

[17:35]you have to compromise and this area you know that other God

[17:41]has his way in another area you have your way sometimes you

[17:44]have to compromise settlement agreement that makes you limit it that means

[17:49]there's something else imposing on you and that by definition cannot be

[17:52]God God isn't not in need once you become in need you

[17:58]can no longer be God for arguments that we can examine later

[18:02]unless water towers above all needs and that requires that he doesn't

[18:07]have to negotiate with anyone he doesn't have to compromise with anyone

[18:11]because that limits him and God is the absolute infinite once he

[18:19]needs to negotiate that limits his infinite Nestico no longer be infinite

[18:26]in every sense of the word so this is also one argument

[18:30]that we can use that God does not need to negotiate or

[18:48]compromise otherwise you would be in need any questions about this third

[18:54]argument for this third argument we said that being the sole owner

[19:09]of this universe and the only one who's managing it and running

[19:13]it is definitely a sign of completeness and perfection when you call

[19:19]the shots when you run everything that gives you superiority right so

[19:27]that is perfection and completeness now if God what was in need

[19:31]of negotiating with another one managing the affairs with another one that

[19:35]would diminish from his superiority and from that absolute completeness and from

[19:42]that absolute perfection and allah subhanaw taala is the most superior and

[19:48]hence that and itself indicates he's the only one who's running the

[19:52]universe so this is a third argument let's examine the fourth argument

[19:58]and this is a logical argument in which we examine three scenarios

[20:04]and let's see which what which of them is the case we

[20:10]have three scenarios here scenario number one do you need two gods

[20:17]to have this functional universe and this creation if you say yes

[20:26]each God can't pull it off on his own can't do it

[20:29]on his own you need them both to work together to collaborate

[20:33]to give you this fixed system that means they're not independent they

[20:38]depend on each other and they need each other now we know

[20:41]that's not the case because what kind of a god is that

[20:48]who needs another being in order to create the universe such a

[20:53]car such a God does not even deserve to be fully worshipped

[20:56]because the God that we worship is independent he is the cause

[21:00]of everything when God is dependent he can't pull it off unless

[21:07]another God helps him out that's a big limit that's a big

[21:10]need so we know that's not that's not the case the second

[21:17]scenario is that one God can manage everything he can't create everything

[21:20]the other God is dependent so is smaller God let's call him

[21:24]an assistant God right in that case the second God is useless

[21:31]if the first God is independent can manage the entire universe right

[21:35]and can do everything that second God is useless why do you

[21:41]need that second gun what do you need him for we're assuming

[21:44]the first God is fully independent and can manage everything so you

[21:47]don't really need a second God and therefore this tells you that

[21:51]there's only one God why do you have a need for that

[21:58]second God any questions about that the first argument we started today

[22:11]yeah so so the first scenario is that if they need each

[22:14]other to create the universe they're both dependent on each other that's

[22:18]a big limit on them they can't function on their own they

[22:24]need each other that is a big limit on these two gods

[22:27]and therefore it shows you that you know they're not qualified to

[22:33]be God because God is one who can do things on his

[22:35]own if I need another creation to create I need another not

[22:42]creation another God to create that that limits me that limits me

[22:47]significantly that makes me in need and if you are worshiping a

[22:50]god that is in need that God doesn't deserve to be worshipped

[22:54]because that God is in need himself and so this in itself

[23:01]tells you that there is only one God and if the second

[23:06]if you say no the first God is independent he could pull

[23:07]it off the second God is the one who's dependent that a

[23:11]second God is just useless then what do you need him for

[23:13]if the first one can do it so this was the second

[23:28]scenario that if one of them is independent and the other one's

[23:32]dependent you don't need the other one the third scenario if they're

[23:39]both independent they both have the full capacity to create and they

[23:44]don't need each other the same argument applies here what's the use

[23:47]of the second god what do you need him for if one

[23:51]God can pull everything off can create can manage the universe right

[23:56]woody what's the other God doing that what do you need him

[24:01]for why is he there what's he adding what's he contributing right

[24:06]so that tells you that there is no need for a second

[24:11]God and there is no second God for a number of points

[24:16]that we've been discussing one of them is useless right in that

[24:19]case if one of them can manage everything and he's the all-powerful

[24:22]and remember God by definition definition doesn't you know get weak or

[24:27]tired or fatigued he needs another no we're assuming he can pull

[24:30]off everything say that other god is useless and what's he contributing

[24:37]here what's he doing if one of them can pull everything off

[24:42]this this is not a Christian belief originally this is was this

[24:54]was a Jewish belief some people who came after the Jewish prophets

[25:02]and scriptures the Torah they actually tampered with the turret and they

[25:09]added these verses that say God created the universe and he arrested

[25:14]after the six days he got tired because he created this huge

[25:18]universe he arrested and that day was a Saturday and that's the

[25:24]origin of the Sabbath because God rested on that Saturday we human

[25:28]beings should also not work on Saturday so no this was not

[25:30]something the prophets would teach a la spada to Allah attacks this

[25:35]belief in the Quran Allah sparked Allah says we created the universe

[25:40]and not an inch of you no fatigue or weakness you know

[25:43]struck struck allah subhanahu wa'ta'ala allah is the all-powerful if he wants

[25:48]to do something he just says be and it is so a

[25:51]lot cannot be fatiguing because it's not a body for him to

[25:57]be fatigued in six stages yes we believe that allah subhanaw taala

[26:03]created the universe in six days and the hadith and the quran

[26:10]itself clarifies that these were stages of creation meaning the universe as

[26:14]you see it today it didn't come suddenly into existence there was

[26:18]a process how the earth came into existence how the Stars no

[26:24]know days in the Arabic language has a number of meanings the

[26:27]hadith have explained in stages yes so these were stages not days

[26:34]and I remember before the Sun and the moon there is no

[26:37]meaning today what is the definition of the everyday 24-hour period this

[26:42]is here on earth right before having earth on the Sun it

[26:47]makes no sense to say six days what is they besides God

[26:49]has no is not bound to time he's above time so this

[26:54]this means God created the universe in stages he didn't instantly create

[27:00]the universe and science confirms this that you know since the origin

[27:03]of the universe some fourteen billion years ago there has been many

[27:07]stages until we got here and in last panel Tata refers to

[27:13]those stages in the Quran so this is argument number four that

[27:18]we discussed let's examine now argument number five this one we have

[27:24]to kind of concentrate on it there are some philosophical logical arguments

[27:30]here this argument says if there were two gods then you need

[27:36]some sort of boundary some sort of marker to differentiate between the

[27:44]two gods right whatever that marker is whatever that boundary imagine before

[27:47]the existence of the universe there's not nothing exists except two gods

[27:53]right what separates these two gods from each other because you've got

[27:57]two entities two beings right what separates them from each other there's

[28:02]a marker that separates them now whenever you have a marker something

[28:07]that delineates the boundary that separates them that God becomes composite we

[28:15]have something that is simple and something that is composite something that

[28:22]is composite means it is composed of two or more things simple

[28:26]means no it's not composed of anything it's just itself now if

[28:32]imagine you had two gods so God one here God two here

[28:42]just imagine that before the universe you had these two gods what

[28:48]separates these two gods from each other there's got to be some

[28:55]sort of marker that separates them because if they're both exactly the

[29:00]same with the same attributes with with the same essence than what

[29:05]separates them there'd be one there's got to be something that separates

[29:08]them remember there's no time and space so it's not like God

[29:14]number one is sitting there and God number two is here because

[29:17]there's no space God is above space God is above time so

[29:22]what what makes this God different this gods like more powerful this

[29:25]power is a little bit greater that's the difference well if he's

[29:29]more powerful than that that's not God this God just could overpower

[29:33]the other God and get rid of him if he's more powerful

[29:37]if he is more now what is it that separates them see

[29:40]when you have for example a container and you've got two elements

[29:46]for instance on both sides there's something that has to separate them

[29:49]for you to see them distinct from each other something that has

[29:52]to separate either space separates them or something but if you put

[29:58]them in one area and there's nothing that's separating them then they're

[30:03]just one you just combine to be one so what separates God

[30:07]one from God number two there's got to be a minute you

[30:12]know a marker that separates them once you have that marker paid

[30:15]to pay the close attention to this once you have this marker

[30:18]here that separates them whatever it is whatever in that marker is

[30:26]then in reality according to logic each God would be composed of

[30:33]himself Plus this marker because that's what's defining this God really God

[30:40]is not just his essence and his being he's there's also a

[30:46]marker that's differentiating him from God number two so God in reality

[30:53]philosophically is composed of his own essence plus that marker that makes

[30:59]God composite now you have two parts to God himself and that

[31:03]marker and once God becomes in need many philosophical arguments say God

[31:10]can't stand on his own if he's in need God is simple

[31:12]above all needs and the same would apply to that second God

[31:19]this philosophical argument indicates that there could only be one God I

[31:25]know this may not be so clear and requires close philosophical examination

[31:28]but just think about it if I were to ask you God

[31:34]number one and number two right they're both powerful they're both you

[31:39]know strong they're both you know knowledgeable what separates them what separates

[31:48]them if nothing separates them then they're 1 if you've got two

[31:53]things that you're considering and there's app there they're exactly identical in

[31:58]every aspect then they've got to be one there's got to be

[32:02]something that separates them if you say no they're not identical in

[32:04]every aspect God number 1 has you know something that God number

[32:10]2 doesn't have and that's what really separates him then you've got

[32:15]a marker a thing that separates them once you have a thing

[32:19]that separates you from that other God then he's composed of himself

[32:32]and that marker and that makes him composite if the marker isn't

[32:42]there than there just one there's nothing separating between two things just

[32:46]one God he and him in just himself fuse if you suppose

[32:53]logically there is two gods there's got to be some marker between

[32:55]them some some boundary that's differentiating between God number one and number

[33:02]two something separating between them that thing which is separating between them

[33:07]it's defining what that God is because God is now just not

[33:11]himself it's himself and that thing that's separating me from God number

[33:17]two that makes him a composite God because now he's composed of

[33:21]his essence and a marker so he becomes in need whenever God

[33:26]becomes composite he becomes in need because now there's a part to

[33:40]him we'll talk about his attributes soon yes say whatever God is

[33:47]this argument says whatever God is if you have two gods are

[33:50]they identical in every aspect if you say yes then they're one

[33:59]if something is identical in every every aspect right then it's not

[34:04]- it's just one what separates it then if you say no

[34:09]they're similar but they're not identical God number two's got some you

[34:14]know unique think that God number one doesn't have then you've got

[34:17]a marker between them you know a boundary that separates God one

[34:21]from God to whatever that boundary is that becomes part of each

[34:28]God because it's defining them whenever that happens God becomes composite and

[34:32]when God becomes composite he's no longer simple just his essence he's

[34:39]now this marker this boundary is also part of that God because

[34:46]it's defining him since eternity that was there to separate the two

[34:51]gods that makes God in need and God is not in me

[34:52]God is not composite he's just one thing make himself known see

[35:26]very very briefly Allah subhana WA Ta'ala is the apparent and the

[35:43]inherent the Quran so an a 1-1 after what the heroine bartlein

[35:49]God is apparent because all the universe is indicating I have a

[35:54]creator the intellect you just by looking at your weakness and you

[35:57]know you didn't create yourself you know I have a creator it's

[35:59]it's but simple at the same time God is inherent because God

[36:08]does not resemble us in any way he's not physical he's not

[36:12]in need nothing that we have is something that we share with

[36:21]God right God is exactly our opposite were limited he's unlimited we're

[36:26]physical he's not physical because of that because our mind brain is

[36:30]limited and we use these five senses to explore the world around

[36:34]us and the five senses can detect God right God is inherent

[36:40]in that sense because God is so infinite he's so unlimited the

[36:44]limited cannot grasp the unlimited being that's why and of course a

[36:52]lie is you know a secret in this universe for us because

[36:55]God is unlimited and no one not even the greatest Messenger of

[37:00]God can grasp the essence of God and one of the meanings

[37:03]of Allah is the one who has anna hell health and mana

[37:12]fatty who has you know blocked his creation from fully knowing him

[37:18]because not only God is needless but because it's impossible for his

[37:23]creation to fully know him when something is limited it can't encompass

[37:27]the unlimited it just can't you know if you have a limited

[37:33]container a little minute bottle a limited bucket can you fill unlimited

[37:36]water and it's just impossible that's what makes God hidden because he's

[37:42]unlimited and so he's beyond our comprehension he's beyond exactly exactly you

[37:49]know God exists we know some attributes we'll talk about them but

[37:57]what is the essence of God it's beyond our comprehension yes physically

[38:05]it's impossible to imagine and we'll talk about the attributes of God

[38:09]in a few minutes anyway so if this argument is clear if

[38:20]not it's a philosophical argument it requires close examination and a lot

[38:24]of focus for us to visualize that but this is one of

[38:28]the arguments that our scholars have discussed about three science says 13.7

[38:40]D something what's billion no no no the universe was created for

[38:50]billions of years then earth was created about four billion years ago

[38:54]then Adam an Islam is very recent on earth you know estimates

[38:58]are maybe 10 to 14,000 years ago estimates it could be more

[39:03]but definitely not in the millions of years ago definitely there was

[39:09]life there were creatures that resembled human beings the hadith talks about

[39:15]them but not Adam ELISA no Adam is the last of these

[39:17]creatures the hadith says before your Adam were thousands of Adams meaning

[39:21]human-like creatures but they didn't have the intellect that we have so

[39:32]yes the intent of this of the whole universe is for this

[39:36]final human being and in honor of the a little bit peace

[39:44]be upon them yes we could say it's in the stages of

[39:46]perfection or completion so anyway this is one of the arguments you

[39:53]can think about it and then if you have any thoughts about

[39:55]it we can discuss it in the group let's examine another argument

[40:00]related to this and will briefly discuss it without spending too much

[40:07]time on it this is called Delisle Forja in arabic we call

[40:11]it the proof of the gap or the proof of the space

[40:18]those who claim that there are two gods they agree that only

[40:23]these two gods are some eternal what does some paternal means in

[40:30]Arabic we call it as Ali does anyone know the meaning of

[40:34]some paternal what does eternal mean forever it stays forever if you

[40:40]want to go forever back in time meaning it was always there

[40:44]there was no point where it did not exist then it came

[40:50]into existence no it was always there we call that an English

[40:53]sub paternal so a last planet Allah is eternal meaning in the

[40:56]future he will always exist and he's also some paternal meaning if

[41:01]you go in the past he was always there always there we

[41:05]call this SLE some paternal we also call this a team in

[41:11]Arabic Allah the Dean this universe is not Kadeem because it came

[41:16]into existence about thirteen point 75 billion years ago so before that

[41:22]it didn't exist so the universe is not some eternal anything that's

[41:25]matter is not something to know at one point it did not

[41:28]exist then it came into existence God is some paternal he's Kadeem

[41:33]he was always there those who claim that there are two gods

[41:37]they they say that God number two was always there buddy some

[41:42]paternal God number one was always there padeen some paternal right and

[41:46]there's only two sub Eternals they agree on that there's only two

[41:53]Soompi eternals toolkit Eames however if you have two gods as we

[41:57]said you must have what you must have this marker between them

[42:02]whenever you have this marker this marker becomes a team as well

[42:10]becomes some eternal as well now you have how many some paternal

[42:13]beings if you have two gods you've got three but those who

[42:15]claim that guy you know you only have two gods there there's

[42:21]a consensus amongst them there's only two teams to some Peter knows

[42:25]the minute you introduce a second god you get this marker and

[42:28]now that Padilla's are three and they don't say they don't accept

[42:32]that they say no no that the teams are only two there

[42:37]was no third Kadeem we say by saying there's another god you've

[42:40]there's got to be a third Kadeem there and which is that

[42:46]marker that we discussed now this argument takes it a step further

[42:50]but this is now out of our scope the argument just briefly

[42:57]it says once you get these three you will get an infinite

[43:00]chain of atoms because now that you have one God number one

[43:07]- is that marker and now you've got God number three now

[43:11]how many of the teams do you have one two three there's

[43:17]gotta be something logically philosophically that separates God from that marker also

[43:24]now you get a fourth marker and something between that which is

[43:29]a fifth now you've got five Kadeem x' and then you have

[43:31]to put another one and it just infinitely goes and that says

[43:33]there was infinitely a number of games which is not possible but

[43:38]let's not get into that because this is now taking it at

[43:40]a deeper philosophical level just know the first part of the argument

[43:46]that all those who claim there are two gods at least they

[43:50]accept there's only two some eternal beings touka deems but once you

[43:55]say there are two gods there's got to be a marker between

[44:00]them that makes them three and and they don't accept that which

[44:03]says there's a problem with their argument so that's also one of

[44:09]the arguments there's an interesting hadith from and father even shot on

[44:14]one of the Companions of an imam or ahmadies and he says

[44:17]a person who was a what any Senna we duelists will talk

[44:25]about the Duelist they believe in two gods he was present you

[44:28]know in a gathering with an imam ahmad al-hassan i'm and he

[44:32]told that imam anova i claim that there are two gods what's

[44:35]your proof this is an interesting one the imam ali says just

[44:39]by you saying there are two gods it proves there is only

[44:46]one because by saying there are two gods you agree that there

[44:49]is one you and i both agree that there is one so

[44:54]there's consensus on the first one on the one and the second

[44:59]one is disputed so we've all agreed that there is one god

[45:01]and that in itself proves there's one god that one god we

[45:03]all agree on the second one is disputed it's doubtful let him

[45:08]go so you know sometimes the imam would use these interesting ways

[45:12]when some of these stubborn people would come and they want to

[45:16]just put arguments and fallacies so the imams sometimes will just keep

[45:22]them quiet that way when they realize you know this person is

[45:25]not here to really accept the real arguments they're just here to

[45:29]you know use rhetoric and fallacies and so the imam sometimes would

[45:33]just keep them quiet that way we agree there's one you say

[45:37]there's two so there has to be one so there's consensus that

[45:40]the okay that's that's enough and the other one you go believe

[45:45]in and there's no consensus on him now let's talk about the

[45:49]duelists the duelists in Arabic are called Sena ouya Sena where comes

[45:55]from the word sunny what does thani mean if named Donny -

[46:02]and historically they it's been a long time that these duelists exists

[46:16]duelists in Arabic we call them Sena Weah there are many versions

[46:21]of this thin area many types and versions but basically these phenomena

[46:26]the duelists they believe you have dual gods two gods the god

[46:32]of good and the god of evil that's the basic form of

[46:36]this belief you've got many variations why see in this universe we

[46:41]see evil and God is only good right so how can evil

[46:47]can come from something that is good it's impossible therefore there must

[46:52]be a second God who's the god of evil who must have

[46:57]created all the bad things in the universe all the evil all

[46:59]the mischief whatever the source of all evil Ness so that's why

[47:06]they believe there's two gods what is the good God who's the

[47:09]source of all goodness in the universe the second is the bad

[47:15]god or the god let's not call him a bad god but

[47:17]the god who's the source of anything that's not good in the

[47:23]universe the source of evil and hence they believe these two gods

[47:26]were always there and historically millions of people have worshipped these two

[47:30]gods you'll find each nation I'm giving them certain names the Persians

[47:35]had their own name to describe these two gods the Romans the

[47:37]Greeks some other nations but the idea is the same one God

[47:44]the God of good and the other God the God of evil

[47:48]so their argument is based on this you know where did evil

[47:50]come from so if you had one God and that God good

[47:53]where did the evil come from so we need to have another

[47:58]God he's the source of evil two quick answers first of all

[48:01]when you say evil as opposed to good what is evil really

[48:12]exactly philosophers say evil is just the absence of good when good

[48:17]is absent from something we call it evil how can we understand

[48:23]that light and darkness what is darkness is darkness something existing on

[48:27]its own or it's just the absence of light that we call

[48:32]darkness what's darkness when there's no light we call it darkness so

[48:36]there's only one thing really it's just light if it's there we

[48:39]see the light if it's not there we call it darkness the

[48:44]same with cold in heat scientifically what is he what is cold

[48:48]when something is cold scientifically what is that it's lack of heat

[48:53]scientifically you don't have something called cold you just have heat whenever

[48:58]heat is lacking there's lower levels of heat we just call that

[49:05]cold and the same thing life and death what is that the

[49:08]lack of life you know for instance so one argument one rebuttal

[49:13]to that very simply is that there's one God and he's the

[49:16]source of all goodness but some parts of the universe some aspects

[49:20]of the universe you have an absence of goodness you have a

[49:25]creation that rejects the goodness of God that is evil there's nothing

[49:28]more to it than that so everything that God created is a

[49:33]it was based on a source of goodness everything he created was

[49:38]good but whenever that goodness was absent that is evil just like

[49:43]light the Sun is the source of light there's no darkness in

[49:46]the Sun the sunlight wherever it reaches you've got the light if

[49:52]you block it you get darkness some people want to block the

[49:55]goodness of Allah Spano to honor block the rahman of allah through

[50:02]their actions we call that evil that's one answer any questions about

[50:09]this answer the second answer let's assume God did create evil right

[50:14]but because he had a wise purpose that validates his system and

[50:20]a very you know normal example common example is a professor who

[50:26]tests his students you give your students a multiple-choice test where there's

[50:30]a question there are four or five answers to choose from in

[50:34]those answers to choose from ABCD right there's only one correct answer

[50:39]and the other three are what wrong answers false falsehood is a

[50:44]type of evil let's call it right who put those false answers

[50:51]who the professor why did he do it to test you is

[50:55]that bad that's a wise purpose and that's how our colleges are

[50:58]based on our educational system is based on that so even if

[51:05]we say God allowed for evil to exist in some parts of

[51:08]the world it was for a good purpose the end result is

[51:13]a good result which is to test you because there's wisdom in

[51:16]testing you so that's fine but God directly create evil what's the

[51:19]problem as long as God gave you the tool to decipher right

[51:25]from wrong he's just then that validates the whole system we don't

[51:29]need to say there's another God who's responsible for evil no one

[51:34]God creates goodness and evil the whole system is good well that's

[51:44]a separate discussion that we can have about the philosophy of many

[51:50]of these you know setbacks in life there's many one of them

[51:54]is to test us to elevate our status one of them is

[51:58]a result of our own actions some sins so there's many ways

[52:02]of looking at that the for example a baby that's suffering so

[52:13]for that baby that's suffering it's a test for the parents and

[52:16]the family on the day of judgment how did say this baby

[52:19]will be forgiven and we'll go to because of that suffering so

[52:23]this suffering caused the baby to be compensated infinitely by Allah because

[52:28]of that suffering had this baby not suffered and been you know

[52:33]a fully functional baby maybe this baby would have you know deviated

[52:37]corrupted spread corruption on earth then he would be punished on the

[52:41]day of judgment maybe Allah says let me save this baby for

[52:42]whatever reason that he knows well we don't call them assume because

[52:51]masoom is a deliberate power that you used to stop you from

[52:54]sin but the result is very similar in that their sinless yeah

[53:00]they won't be held accountable for any sense the benefit the parents

[53:04]if they be patient and you know they accept that obviously Allah

[53:08]will significantly reward them if they don't remain patient you know at

[53:12]least God will reduce from their punishment because they did suffer on

[53:15]earth because of that so this is the argument about the duelists

[53:24]and the answer is very simple and clear that either we define

[53:30]evil as the absence of good so everything that God created is

[53:33]good or we could say no Allah spano to Allah could have

[53:39]allowed for evil to exist he directly created evil for a purpose

[53:42]that purpose is a good purpose so everything in that sense is

[53:48]good and hence you see Lady Zainab alehissalaam you know when years

[53:52]eid said that very hurtful remark to her you know how did

[53:54]you find what God did with your brother Hussain in other words

[53:58]you wanted to tell her a lot killed Imam Hussain just to

[54:00]hurt her she said moderate Allah jameelah I have not seen anything

[54:08]but beauty as tragic as it was but the system of Allah

[54:11]Spanish Allah is beautiful because through that incident he elevated the status

[54:17]of imam hussain and it was a test for the ummah so

[54:22]the system is beautiful just like when you look at a very

[54:26]difficult college right a very difficult university that has you know a

[54:32]very very difficult curriculum very difficult classes it's almost like torture if

[54:38]you want to succeed in that University but when you look at

[54:41]the university and the system it's beautiful even though there is a

[54:47]lot of sacrifices involved difficulty paying patients but the system is beautiful

[54:51]so that's another response so when we examine toe heat there's only

[55:03]one God and we examined a number of proofs two quick points

[55:07]another aspect of toe hate is that Allah is not only wide

[55:14]you have wide between which means one there's no other God and

[55:17]then you have something called a dad in which surah do we

[55:23]say I had all who Allahu Ahad say God is add a

[55:29]hat is not the same as one I had in Arabic means

[55:31]you have one whole in other words you don't have parts so

[55:38]not only is there one God as opposed to two gods but

[55:44]there is only one God who has one essence he has no

[55:47]parts that's the meaning of a hat and therefore based on this

[55:54]verse we can automatically say God has no body because whenever you

[55:58]have a body you've got parts if your physical you've got parts

[56:01]if you are bound to space and time you got parts and

[56:08]Allah subhana WA Ta'ala is above all parts because if he had

[56:12]parts he would need that part so that's one point about God

[56:20]not having parts and he is that clear any questions about that

[56:23]whenever you have parts you need to that part and Allah is

[56:28]not in me the second point is if God had a part

[56:30]that part should be God not God himself why let me ask

[56:38]you a question when you have a whole and a part which

[56:45]comes first the part or the whole let me draw an example

[56:49]here so we can see let's say you have a table here

[56:55]see if I can trick you know draw a table okay so

[57:00]this table has five parts let's say it's got many more but

[57:04]for this you know purpose of simplifying yeah it's got five parts

[57:09]one is this surface of it the top - is this like

[57:16]number one like number two like number three on leg number four

[57:21]five parts four legs and one surface right all of that we

[57:32]call a table that's the whole now I ask the question again

[57:36]which comes first the parts or the whole the parts because unless

[57:40]all the parts gather together then you have a whole but if

[57:49]you remove one part that's not a full table you can have

[57:51]a full table only when what the parts are complete is that

[57:59]clear so the part philosophically logically the part always comes before the

[58:04]whole once you get all the parts then you get the whole

[58:07]but if you remove the parts remove the legs is that a

[58:13]table no that's just a flat surface no it's not a table

[58:18]anymore everything in life is like that the part comes before the

[58:21]whole if Allah had a part let's say God had several parts

[58:27]whatever those parts are whether they're physical parts or any other parts

[58:33]those parts had to exist before God as a whole right because

[58:37]the part comes before what before the whole then that means there's

[58:43]there's something existed before God himself which are his parts they must

[58:48]have existed before his own existence now something exists before God then

[58:55]that's not to me God who created them that part is then

[59:01]go really because if something existed before God what is that thing

[59:07]how can something exist before God himself so this argument says that

[59:13]a part comes before a whole and therefore if we say God

[59:18]has parts this argument is highly problematic it's illogical because it indicates

[59:24]that the parts come before the whole so you had something before

[59:29]God what is that thing that part what did that part come

[59:31]from who created that part what assembled those parts together to make

[59:37]God another God okay then so there's another guy let's talk about

[59:41]then that's the real God and it just continues so this argument

[59:47]says it's impossible for God to have any sort of parts any

[59:51]sort of parts God is just to one there's absolutely no parts

[59:57]to it so this is also one meaning of tawheed the first

[60:01]meaning is that there's no other God just one God the second

[60:08]meaning is God has no parts Allah is just one one essence

[60:11]and then there are you know other meanings of Tawhid as well

[60:19]that the Quran talks about for example God is the only Kollek

[60:22]creator the only one who gives you sustenance Rajab the towhead of

[60:27]Health the towhead of risk that's something we're familiar with only God

[60:31]creates there have been some idolize errs of a lot you know

[60:39]within Islam who've claimed that for example in Imam Ali Ali Salaam

[60:42]or some of the Imams they create face you know give sustenance

[60:45]that is not correct and there's an interesting hadith that says once

[60:51]you know the there was a dispute amongst the Shia whether the

[60:55]Imams create or not give reserved or not and they sent a

[60:59]letter to in a mammal Mahajan Allah Allah follow Allah this was

[61:04]in the Hebert I believe it was unable to sort out the

[61:06]minor occupation they said you know let's see what the Imam says

[61:10]so the Imam in a message or a letter that's mentioned in

[61:13]our hadith works he says no Allah has the sole creator the

[61:16]sustainer but we debate we ask a lot to create and he

[61:22]creates we ask Allah Spano - Allah to sustain certain individuals and

[61:26]he answers our prayers but the one who's directly creating or sustaining

[61:31]is Allah Subhanahu WA Ta'ala now you could say but the Quran

[61:39]talks about Jesus alehissalaam in one verse he says I create from

[61:45]clay something that looks like a bird in eh look I create

[61:52]so this tells us that not only God creates but maybe some

[61:55]of those prophets messengers or a man's also create in an understanding

[61:59]disperse the accurate understanding is that Allah is the one who created

[62:05]that bird blew into it and gave it life through Prophet Esaias

[62:12]you know so prophet ISA when he did the miracle Allah has

[62:15]the one doing the miracle but through prophet ISA incident so in

[62:19]reality God is the one who's creating but prophet isa al salam

[62:25]is the one who you know assembled the ingredients that were required

[62:30]for example to make that bird that creation and Allah subhanAllah does

[62:34]the one who gave it life so according to me this is

[62:35]disputed even among some scholars you will find some who will say

[62:42]Allah authorized the a little bait to create or sustain however it

[62:45]seems that the mainstream view amongst Shia scholars is that only Allah

[62:50]creates only allah subhanaw taala sustains the imams have a role and

[62:54]that Allah will sustain through them Allah will create through them but

[63:01]in the end he is the ultimate creator he is the ultimate

[63:04]sustainer so that's another dimension of tohave starts over other dimensions you

[63:11]know the towhead and having TOEIC : Allah the towhead and dedicating

[63:15]actions only to Allah Spinoza although we have these different dimensions and

[63:20]the next course will examine the attributes of allah subhanho wa taala

[63:25]what features attributes characteristics does Allah Spanish ila have we'll talk about

[63:32]that to know allah subhanaw taala better Mosul Allah Allah Muhammad Valley

[63:37]and by hearing

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