50- (5) Islamic Beliefs - Following the Most Learned Scholar - Sayed Mohammad Baqer Qazwini

20 المشاهدات· 24/07/19

Al-Hujjah Islamic Seminary
1 مشتركين

في محاضرات

Islamic Beliefs (Aqa’ed) 03, offered in 2019-2020, is now available to take online at Al-Hujjah Islamic Seminary. The first five classes are available to view as a demo to get an idea of how the course is instructed. To register for this class, see all class videos, and take the exams, visit hujjahseminary.com. For any questions, email us at [email protected]

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Transcript

[0:00]audhu billahi min as-shaytan ar-rajim bismillah r-rahman r-rahim al-hamdu lillahi rabbil aalameen

[0:09]o soul allah allah sayidina muhammadin wa ala nabina Tajin lama salli

[0:15]ala muhammad ali muhammad assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh in the previous classes we

[0:23]were discussing the basis for tallied following a merger a scholar and

[0:32]expert we examined this from a logical perspective what does logic dictate

[0:40]here we examine that then we examined a verse from the whole

[0:45]new quran and several hadith from the elevate that scholars have cited

[0:52]to establish the basis for chocolate there is one final discussion that

[0:59]is concerned with Khalid which is an important discussion and in fact

[1:06]to actually but the second one is the most important one and

[1:08]this might be an area where akbari's and osuni's disagree a little

[1:13]bit is it on mute okay is it still mute okay I

[1:32]think it got resolved now so there are two differences between akbari's

[1:42]and osuni's and previously we mentioned the brief difference between akbari's and

[1:50]Oh Saudis they are Shia scholars they agree on many many principles

[1:55]they just have some differences when it comes to extracting laws some

[2:01]minor differences the first difference or the first discussion is does the

[2:10]scholar whom I follow have to be living or can I follow

[2:13]a merger or less passed away let's say I believe a shaker

[2:20]or a shaker Moe feed or some other scholar is knowledgeable he's

[2:24]an expert he may be the most knowledgeable so I follow him

[2:29]I take out his book of rulings and I follow him why

[2:33]do I need a living scholar to follow do we have any

[2:41]hadith that specifically obligates you to follow a living scholar or the

[2:47]point is to follow an expert whether the expert is alive or

[2:52]the expert is dead you will find that many akbari's have allowed

[3:02]for people to follow experts even if they've passed away they say

[3:07]as long as they're experts we can follow them the majority of

[3:11]us ulis disagree they say even if it's based on precaution that

[3:19]you must follow a living manager a living scholar well why what

[3:23]is their proof what's their evidence for that there's basically one proof

[3:29]that they've cited and there's also an important philosophy behind it -

[3:35]yes yes today most of the Mirage aro sullies basically they have

[3:46]adopted a school of thought that extracts laws and basically analyzes the

[3:53]principles of law in a unique way that is a little bit

[3:59]more developed than the act bodies and they also do more analysis

[4:03]of the chains of hadith many of bodies in the past they

[4:06]considered that the four books such as al-kafi a teddy band others

[4:13]are completely authentic so just look at the content no need to

[4:17]go and research and investigate the chain because these are trusted sources

[4:22]also knees have a slightly different opinion and they usually give more

[4:28]importance to the chain of the hadith even if it's mentioned in

[4:32]coffee I still have to investigate the chain right so there are

[4:36]some differences between the osso d's and f's bodies today modern scholars

[4:42]in the seminaries and the Mirage a the majority of them are

[4:45]Oh su Lee's there's we still have a body scholars but I

[4:48]would say they're the minority the majority are Sunnis and the houses

[4:55]and seminaries so the first evidence that they have cited when it

[4:58]comes to following a living image a living scholar is an intellectual

[5:05]law that is called in Arabic Duran you'll um bein a tiny

[5:11]what to hear whenever you're presented with two options two scenarios two

[5:20]paths one of them you're sure it's Hodja if you follow it

[5:29]you have fulfilled your obligation you have certainty there's absolutely no doubt

[5:34]about it the second one is doubtful you really don't know if

[5:45]you have the option of taking the second one maybe it will

[5:49]fulfill the condition and the obligation maybe not there is some doubts

[5:57]about it the intellect here dictates that you have to follow the

[6:02]path that is certain and you basically take what is called the

[6:12]Taim not that Sathya it's not optional for you to choose between

[6:15]one of these two stick to the one that you know will

[6:17]definitely free you from the obligation so let's apply this to the

[6:23]moraga if I follow a living merger who's alive in my time

[6:25]I refer to their expert opinion and I believe they are knowledgeable

[6:32]does that free me from the obligation of implementing God's laws based

[6:36]of course on the evidence that we've examined for Chuck elite if

[6:41]I follow a living expert does that free me from my obligation

[6:47]do I have certainty that my tech lead is correct or do

[6:50]I have doubts about it I have certain certainty about it but

[6:57]if I follow a dead merger a scholar an expert was passed

[7:00]away and I don't know if the views of someone who has

[7:07]passed away his expert views are binding on me or Haj on

[7:09]me are acceptable for me in Shelly I don't know I don't

[7:16]have evidence it's possible that it is yes maybe 70% chance 80%

[7:19]chance yes as long as he is an expert doesn't matter whether

[7:23]he's dead or alive whether he's living or he passed away but

[7:27]I have some doubts that I need to follow a living expert

[7:33]when you're presented with a case like that what does the intellect

[7:38]dictate why why does it dictate the living it's the safer route

[7:43]it's the certain route you know for a fact that in your

[7:48]era you can follow an expert but you're not really sure if

[7:51]the expert FET was of someone who passed away are acceptable in

[7:58]the Sharia it's doubtful so you take that which is certain over

[8:01]that which is doubtful and this is an actual principle and this

[8:06]is an imprint appalled many scholars have used to demonstrate that you

[8:10]need to follow a living scholar by the way this is not

[8:13]limited to tuck elite in religion it is also inclusive of other

[8:22]types of technique like following a doctor let me present the scenario

[8:26]for you if right now you're diagnosed with a medical condition disease

[8:32]illness some condition you go and search who's the best or who

[8:36]is a good doctor in your area you go to that doctor

[8:40]to that surgeon you take the prescription from them and you seek

[8:44]treatment do you have any doubt about this being valid going to

[8:54]a living doctor and seeking the prescription from them do you have

[8:58]any doubts about that or you're doing something which rational people accept

[9:03]and they find acceptable which is it no no is this acceptable

[9:10]going to a living doctor what for my medical needs do rational

[9:16]people say yes you can or say no no no don't go

[9:24]to a living doctor there is what they repeal have so if

[9:28]you have a medical condition right and you want to seek the

[9:33]prescription of someone rationally you go to someone who's living an expert

[9:37]who's alive and that definitely in the eyes of rational people frees

[9:47]you from your obligation of protecting yourself and keeping yourself healthy no

[9:50]one blames you but what if after discovering you know the the

[9:58]medical condition that you have you go and you take the prescription

[10:02]of a dead doctor in fact you go to jolly knows the

[10:10]famous Greek doctor right who was known in history to be one

[10:13]of the most knowledgeable physicians someone says look I really like this

[10:20]doctors analysis of medical issues I feel confident that he's the most

[10:28]knowledgeable doctor therefore I want to go and follow his prescription for

[10:34]my condition well all rational people agree with you that this is

[10:41]an acceptable path to take or there are some doubts and if

[10:47]something happened with that treatment you died god forbid something happened to

[10:52]you there are a lot of people rationally rational people who will

[10:55]blame you and they will tell you why don't you go to

[10:59]a living doctor which is the case you tell me intellectually rationally

[11:03]which is the case therefore you have two paths here one is

[11:07]certain if I go to a living physician no one's going to

[11:11]blame me rationally I'm fulfilling my obligation I'm not being irresponsible but

[11:15]if I go to the to a physician who has passed away

[11:18]and I use their prescription I could be blamed it's not clear

[11:25]hundred percent that you can do that and you're free from your

[11:28]moral obligation of protecting yourself or in fact let's say it's your

[11:31]child let me give you a more pressing example because with yourself

[11:35]people think we could do whatever they want with themselves but let's

[11:39]say you have a child your child is diagnosed with it with

[11:42]a medical condition a serious condition and that child is a trust

[11:45]in your hands so you have two paths either go to a

[11:50]living physician and get your child treat it or take out the

[11:52]prescription of a dead doctor and give it to your child rash

[11:57]people in the rational society what do they impose on you to

[12:00]do they so go to the living doctor if you went to

[12:05]their dead doctors prescription and something happened to your son you're blamed

[12:09]you will be considered as an irresponsible father in the eyes of

[12:13]a lot of people see when you're presented with something that's certain

[12:17]and something that's doubtful the intellect dictates go with that which is

[12:21]certain apply the same concept to the Moraga you may be what

[12:29]prosecuted exactly there could be even legal ramifications and consequences however if

[12:36]you followed that merger in your lifetime and the merger died rational

[12:41]people accept you following their fatwas even if their path if they've

[12:46]passed away and they accept it as being a hundred percent acceptable

[12:50]and it frees you from your obligation just like you going to

[12:56]a doctor for 30 years and they give you this pill and

[12:59]it works for you the doctor dies you continue taking that pill

[13:03]is that acceptable now in the eyes of the public is it

[13:09]different than following someone who passed away and who never treated you

[13:13]while they were living do you see the difference between them there

[13:15]is a difference between them right I had my family doctor my

[13:19]physician my surgeon for 30 years he or she treated me they

[13:24]died I continued that treatment it's okay in the eyes of most

[13:27]people but if I start the treatment with the prescription of a

[13:34]dead doctor that's what that's the area which is unclear and maybe

[13:37]a lot of rational people have a problem with same concept with

[13:40]pneumonia by the way there's more evidence to that legally it gets

[13:45]technical but I just want to give you the intellectual rational perspective

[13:49]for why we are to follow a living muncher any question on

[13:55]this particular point any objections does it make sense or you have

[14:01]other perspectives remember this is not an area of consensus amongst our

[14:04]scholars as we mentioned many our bodies differ and they say no

[14:09]as long as you're following the fatwa van expert it's fine doesn't

[14:13]have to be necessarily living whereas most authorities have maintained that this

[14:18]is a condition and this is one of the arguments that they've

[14:21]cited so that's an intellectual argument that binds you intellectually yes you

[14:31]could follow Dedmon aaja so everything is ever-evolving from that standpoint so

[14:38]if something changes how do they justify is that a representative from

[14:42]the office who says okay we are going to change it but

[14:46]the guy's dead how can you so that's a good question what

[14:49]about with new events new situations where the dead manager has no

[14:53]fatwa on what do you what do you do in that area

[14:58]it's a given that you need to follow another scholar who's knowledgeable

[15:03]who has a fatwa on that so the body way of doing

[15:07]it let's say or those fewer students who have allowed this they

[15:11]tell you follow that merger who passed away in all of his

[15:17]rulings except in those new rulings that require the expert opinion of

[15:20]a living person and those rulings you refer to the living budget

[15:24]so yes that's one way of addressing this concern so they have

[15:30]a way out for this one so you're followed to emerge as

[15:34]the the one who passed away and the one who's living with

[15:41]two decades later that same ruling could change so in that regards

[15:54]even that same ruling that wasn't binding before now it has changed

[16:03]if if there is a new perspective from scholars due to shifting

[16:08]conditions in society or in science or in medicine or whatever if

[16:12]that is the case where now the expert community is saying clearly

[16:19]that fatwa which was issued 50 years ago was not considering these

[16:23]new conditions than yes now the layperson who's following has evidence that

[16:29]this fatwa is not applicable to these conditions so they would have

[16:32]to follow they would have to refer to a living scholar to

[16:37]define that for them but let's say issues where they're not affected

[16:40]by society you know the technicalities of salaah for instance a lot

[16:45]of fat wads that have to do with fasting with homes the

[16:51]things that maybe are not so impacted by these conditions the person

[16:54]will still follow the the merger who will passed away but in

[17:00]these new situations then yes they need to follow someone who's alive

[17:06]that's the argument so it is a type of you know it's

[17:10]at lead where you're following the one who passed away with you

[17:17]know the more simple fat waz whereas the complex issues that require

[17:21]an expert to examine them now based on changing conditions you refer

[17:25]to a living one so some of them have allowed this actually

[17:31]those who accept following it that much other like that's how we

[17:33]solve this problem what I mean by my simple I mean that

[17:51]the conditions of society today impact them see when it comes to

[17:55]Salah even the technical aspects of Salah you have some differences but

[17:59]they're not influenced by society today and how our economy is behaving

[18:03]the political structure the family structure it's not really influenced by that

[18:09]in those areas the person can follow that module but let's say

[18:12]with modern issues that are determined by our society and the conditions

[18:18]of our society surrogate mothers cloning new devices to look at the

[18:25]moon telescopes things maybe that were not present in the past right

[18:31]in these areas this we need the expert opinion of a living

[18:35]member and that's what I mean by simple versus complex right there

[18:42]will always be wetsy rulings come with conditions and prerequisites sometimes those

[18:52]conditions and prerequisites they become complex so let's say you follow shakey

[18:59]Lucy at a time where travelling was very different today we travel

[19:04]travel at a very fast pace there's frequent travelers that are travelling

[19:09]away where people in the past probably could not travel see these

[19:16]are now complex issues arising out of our lifestyle which the previous

[19:20]manager did not have a fatwa that applies to these conditions in

[19:24]these conditions I would refer to a living scholar that's that's the

[19:27]argument here but again most o Saudis have not accepted this they

[19:51]say you have to follow in living yes what about when the

[19:57]teacher and student differ in their in their rulings let's say about

[20:02]like you know the methodology of sighting the moon or you know

[20:08]whether years of law should be made up or not what the

[20:11]person who's funded of the previous caller who's now passed away do

[20:16]they have to switch to the living Raja if their philosophy is

[20:21]a little bit their teachers or would they you know stick to

[20:26]so basically with the example that you mentioned let's say I to

[20:33]La Jolla and Sistani you will find that there are differences of

[20:36]opinion between the teacher and the student the example of the moon

[20:41]sighting Ayatollah who believed in the unity of horizons whereas I Tula

[20:44]Sistani believes in the multiplicity of horizons has to be cited in

[20:47]an area that shares the horizon you cannot follow another place that's

[20:53]far away see there's a difference now now when your magic dies

[20:56]the argument is if you followed that map when they were alive

[21:00]and you still believe that the manager is the one who passed

[21:07]away is still the most knowledgeable is still the most knowledgeable and

[21:13]the current one his students or someone else is not as knowledgeable

[21:17]in fact you stay following that merger because you still believe they

[21:21]are more the most knowledgeable and that's the second condition we'll discuss

[21:24]however if you believe after following I to love or eat that

[21:31]now maybe five years later ten years later one of the current

[21:34]manager is now the most knowledgeable then you would have to refer

[21:40]to the living one so it goes back to the second condition

[21:42]of knowledge whether that's a condition or not so if you don't

[21:48]know if there is another scholar who's as knowledgeable as Hawaii or

[21:52]more knowledgeable than him you keep following him you don't have to

[21:58]follow the living major who's a student yes if you believe that

[22:00]his student is equal in knowledge or is more knowledgeable then you

[22:04]make that switch these are the conditions that allow you to make

[22:09]the switch even if they're alone it would be justified in celebrating

[22:15]their AIDS so if you follow the fatwa for example of the

[22:18]merger who passed away oh yes you will celebrate the aid based

[22:22]on his fatwa so if his fatwa is the multiplicity of is

[22:26]the unity of horizons right did I did I say them differently

[22:32]yes say say the Hawaii says the multiplicity of her eyes no

[22:35]the unity of horizons and say its Sistani says the multiplicity of

[22:40]horizons so let's say you follow a manager who says in the

[22:45]unity of horizons so they see it somewhere in the Middle East

[22:48]or somewhere in South America will you share a night with them

[22:51]tomorrow's your eat even if the current merger and their Jeff has

[22:57]another fatwa and they believe in the multiplicity of horizons and there

[23:00]are eaters in two days from now you would follow the fatwa

[23:02]of the merger who passed away yes that that that's how it

[23:08]would go so this is the first condition the second condition that

[23:12]scholars have discussed is the merger being the most knowledgeable what's the

[23:18]evidence for that the argument is follow an expert as long as

[23:24]you're following an expert your tech leaders valid why does your manager

[23:31]has to be the most knowledgeable or at least you feel confident

[23:33]that he's the most knowledgeable why where did you get this condition

[23:37]from where in the quran does it say have to follow the

[23:47]most knowledgeable yes.well folk ecology i'll men i lean over every knowledgeable

[23:59]one there is someone who's higher in knowledge now this is describing

[24:03]a reality but in what way does it bind you to follow

[24:07]the one who is Adam the one who has more knowledge well

[24:10]as long as the less saves me I'm fine with it as

[24:15]long as it's qualified I'm fine with it I just need to

[24:21]follow someone who's qualified the argument is someone who's an expert as

[24:24]long as I've accepted that they are an expert that's enough yes

[24:27]it's better to follow the more knowledgeable no doubt but is it

[24:33]binding is it watch it what's the basis for it being waha

[24:47]d yes so we have two types of proofs once the intellectual

[24:51]logical proof one is the hadith that some have cited before we

[24:55]get to that hadith give me an intellectual logical proof such that

[25:01]if we dispute this hadith somebody considers a week somebody says look

[25:05]this is talking about judges not Malaga because that's one of the

[25:08]arguments against the hadith then at least we have an intellectual rational

[25:11]proof most knowledgeable for this medical condition for example so even in

[25:26]laymen society they would go to the most knowledgeable person even though

[25:30]if there are two professors were the same credentials and background but

[25:34]you can see that the one professor knows that this other professor

[25:38]is more knowledgeable in this area and you would see they would

[25:42]go and seek knowledge or guidance from them said in their classes

[25:44]so from a rational perspective in terms of that's happening in terms

[25:52]of societal norms so rational people will tell you that if you

[25:56]have a medical condition and you want to take your son to

[26:01]a physician there's two physicians in town three physicians physicians in the

[26:06]US or wherever you have access to they're all qualified no doubt

[26:10]about that they have the credentials but one of them based on

[26:15]your research has more expertise seems to do the surgery better has

[26:21]more command of you know medicinal knowledge to do that surgery okay

[26:31]do rational people obligate you to go to the doctor who's more

[26:34]knowledgeable and more experienced what do you tell you as long as

[26:37]you're going to a doctor that's fine and it's a serious condition

[26:41]it's like a life-threatening surgery what do rational people dictate the argument

[26:46]is the rational people will tell you you need to go to

[26:51]the most knowledgeable if you took your son to the less knowledgeable

[26:54]doctor and he died in operation there are rational people who will

[26:58]blame you and they will tell you why didn't you not take

[27:05]your son to the better doctor and by the way we're assuming

[27:07]that you have equal access to them because some people will come

[27:11]and tell you no no rational people don't operate like that there's

[27:16]a top doctor in New York who charges X amount for the

[27:18]surgery I'm not obligated to Mike to take my son to him

[27:23]yes there are factors of distance and cost that rational people take

[27:28]into consideration of course let's say there's a doctor in India in

[27:30]Delhi you that I can go to it's better of course Americans

[27:34]Brasel Americans are now going to obligate me take your son all

[27:38]the way to India because that's a burden or it's a difficulty

[27:43]so you have to consider doctors that you have equal access to

[27:47]and that scenario rational people you must go to the one who's

[27:52]more knowledgeable but if one is charging ten times more and you

[27:54]don't really don't have that money and you need to go borrow

[27:56]then it's not clear that they obligate you in that case keep

[27:59]that in mind though we're talking about doctors who are equally accessible

[28:03]to you because if we don't make this condition I've seen some

[28:09]people make this argument while today in any field if you research

[28:14]there's definitely some top expert in the world somewhere he could be

[28:18]in the UK in one area one could be in India one

[28:22]could be in Japan one could be in America you don't see

[28:28]people you know rational people when making medical decisions searching for these

[28:31]doctors somewhere in the world and that's true rational people don't go

[28:35]that far why because they don't have that much access to these

[28:42]doctors yes if you're someone who's super rich you're a millionaire you

[28:47]could easily go to the UK and spend to save your life

[28:49]knowing that there's the best doctor there if you don't go your

[28:54]circle of friends will blame you they will tell you look you

[28:57]had the funds you could have take yes it cost maybe two

[29:01]hundred thousand dollars there but you knew that that doctor was more

[29:04]qualified to save your son why didn't you there's an element of

[29:06]blaming but you the average citizen no one's gonna blame you why

[29:09]don't you go to the UK and spend two hundred thousand dollars

[29:13]to treat your son you get the idea right so we're assuming

[29:16]that they're pretty equal in access so if that's the case rational

[29:21]people do dictate that you have to follow the more knowledgeable one

[29:26]and we go back to the same intellectual arguments that we mentioned

[29:31]about the dead and the living merger we have tyene interfere I

[29:34]know for sure if I follow the merger who's more knowledgeable I

[29:38]have fulfilled my obligation do I have any doubts about fulfilling the

[29:42]obligation not at all but if I follow the less knowledgeable manager

[29:48]then it's doubtful whether that is valid in the presence of a

[29:55]more knowledgeable margin so now you have certainty versus doubt the intellect

[29:59]says take the certain path and that in itself binds us to

[30:03]do our best to figure out who's the most knowledgeable and follow

[30:09]them you see the idea here after the rational principle we examine

[30:14]hadith and there's the hadith of Dawood a beautiful sign which we

[30:17]mentioned before it's a hadith that a lot of mergers have accepted

[30:22]in terms of the chain and this is from an imam maybe

[30:25]abdullah sadiq ali salaam phir aaja laney at africa Allah at Laney

[30:28]Jana Houma been a home avi hookman what God there you know

[30:34]who my fee is girl of the Imam was asked about two

[30:40]Shia they disputed over a case then they went to two experts

[30:44]to resolve the case for them fact elephant Atlanta Houma these two

[30:50]just experts had different opinions the first one said my opinion based

[30:57]on my understanding of the school of a debate is that this

[31:00]is the solution for your case the other experts said no he

[31:03]contradicted the first one he says no this is the ruling so

[31:09]who's going to pass the judgment whose judgments am I going to

[31:13]take now when the two experts have disagreed the amenities that I

[31:17]mentioned in his reply you La Rue La Africa Hema Hema Hema

[31:22]look at who has more faith and more knowledge better understanding in

[31:28]terms of expertise and more knowledge who's more knowledgeable take his ruling

[31:35]the hadith onna about our hadith it's not about science or something

[31:41]else because remember this is a religious issue fan photo giacomo and

[31:45]the hokum the ruling the sentence that he will issue is the

[31:53]one that will be binding on you well this is a hadith

[31:57]in which the Imam on Islam is being asked about two experts

[31:59]giving their opinion about a case the Imam says go with the

[32:05]more knowledgeable so there are scholars who have cited this hadith that

[32:08]says see this is evidence that in tuck lead you have to

[32:10]follow the more knowledgeable in areas of disagreement if the more knowledgeable

[32:14]says this is halal and the less knowledgeable says this is Haram

[32:20]go with the more knowledgeable and vice versa because if they're equal

[32:25]in their fatwa they have the same fatwa then it doesn't matter

[32:28]who you're following it's the area where they differ in their fatwa

[32:32]that you need to follow the most knowledgeable the argument that some

[32:37]scholars have against this hadith is that this hadith is about the

[32:44]hack him it's about a how come it's a legal case right

[32:46]basically basically it's not an official court because the Shia's did not

[32:52]have official courts at the time but these people disputed in a

[32:58]matter and they needed a judge who's well-versed in religious teachings to

[33:02]give them a ruling and tell us though that's binding so the

[33:05]Imam says if there are two judges giving their opinions about a

[33:10]matter go with a more knowledgeable one but it's not about tech

[33:13]lead per se it's about judges and there's a difference between a

[33:16]judge in court issuing you is showing you a ruling and between

[33:21]a manager who's giving you their expert fatwa so this is the

[33:23]rebuttal that or the argument that some scholars have against this hadith

[33:27]that it's applicable to judges but not to mahadji but remember with

[33:34]the first principle that we discussed the rational principle whether we can

[33:39]cite this hadith or not we still have a rational principle so

[33:41]what what are your thoughts about the issue of following the most

[33:45]learning do you see this as clearly being a condition or it

[33:51]does not seem like it's a condition and you can just follow

[33:54]any expert scholar who is the most knowledgeable we'll get to that

[34:05]briefly but before that the concept of following the most knowledgeable is

[34:12]that something that you find binding or no you disagree and then

[34:22]you use narrations but based on the concept of rationality and what

[34:29]seems following logical reasoning some people could easily make a case in

[34:35]this area and say that due to these factors today my logical

[34:39]reasoning dictates that essentially 4xyz ruling it doesn't make sense the ruling

[34:47]does not make sense of the most knowledgeable or any merger or

[34:54]have the same ruling based on one specific scenario but due to

[35:01]worldly conditions and whatnot and your logical reasoning that could be shared

[35:05]across many different individuals group of intellectuals as they would call it

[35:09]they would say yeah that just doesn't make sense and based on

[35:12]that concept of rationality if this doesn't make sense then why should

[35:15]I follow the rest of the stuff that they're saying I see

[35:19]a lot that's that so that's an objection yes you find a

[35:22]few rulings not making sense and that causes you to doubt the

[35:28]whole system altogether we'll get to that in a couple of minutes

[35:30]when we talk about one other aspect related to the alum the

[35:35]one who's most knowledgeable and how did you determine that so once

[35:38]we've accepted that you need to in principle follow the most learning

[35:42]the question is how do you know who is the most learning

[35:48]there are basically three ways the first way is called a Shia

[35:53]Alma fiddling and basically the idea behind this first way is that

[36:06]if you see law-abiding Muslims practicing Shias who care about their religion

[36:11]in cities that are conservative and they have the seminaries in other

[36:20]parts of the world you find the majority of them following a

[36:23]merger and the nature of that gives you confidence that he is

[36:31]the most learning and that's probably why most people are referring to

[36:37]him if the nature of these people following that merger gives you

[36:42]such confidence then in that case this is a way to determine

[36:46]who's the most learning just like in any professional profession by the

[36:55]way here in America X dr.

[36:56]has the reputation in New York of being the best surgeon in

[36:59]his field word of mouth people you see most people agreeing that

[37:06]is the most knowledgeable and you don't have reason to doubt why

[37:12]people are following him there's you're ruling out other factors for instance

[37:20]if that doctor is a millionaire he has a lobby and he's

[37:23]spending billions to advertise then you could tell us I can easily

[37:27]attribute why people are following him to the to his advertising to

[37:32]you know his propaganda machine in every billboard and in every magazine

[37:39]and he's flooded America with his advertising and people follow ads let's

[37:43]face it so when you look at most Americans who say he

[37:47]is the most knowledgeable if you have reasonable reason as someone would

[37:51]say Ruiz I have a reasonable reason if you have reasonable reason

[37:54]to believe that he's become popular and known to be the most

[37:58]expert because of his good advertising not because he really is the

[38:02]expert then that does not give you confidence so in this case

[38:07]you don't have evidence you cannot use this route the merger that

[38:11]you're following if you see most people in the religious community following

[38:16]your manager and you don't believe based on the evidence that you're

[38:21]seeing based on the social factors that you're seeing it's that because

[38:25]he can advertise better right it's not because of that it's because

[38:31]really people just learned from experts that he is the most learning

[38:34]and that generates confidence in you that's a valid route in Islamic

[38:37]law because ultimately non confidence is proof yes and dies of a

[38:42]lie still don't know who really is the most knowledgeable but this

[38:47]is an acceptable path it's a rational path so this is one

[38:52]way to determine who's the most knowledgeable sometimes it works sometimes factors

[38:58]can make make it not work like the examples that I gave

[39:04]or sometimes political factors right can can be at play the manager

[39:09]could have a political backing of some group and because of that

[39:14]they became popular see if that's a reasonable plausible scenario here then

[39:23]yeah this would not be a valid wing and that's why my

[39:28]logic when they mentioned this way they said which kind of popularity

[39:33]right indicates that the manager is the most knowledgeable not any popularity

[39:38]a type of popularity that gives you certainty and confidence by rational

[39:45]standards if that is the case then you can I'm sure you

[39:49]will get different perspectives on this one you will have some people

[39:52]saying yes this manager became the most popular because of this political

[39:58]factor and this factor and that factor others will disagree they say

[40:00]no because he naturally was the most knowledgeable in the seminary and

[40:03]so you just stood out it doesn't matter what people say you

[40:06]between you and your Lord what conclusion do you draw do some

[40:13]research ask some people ask some experts and see how they feel

[40:16]about this as long as you've done that rationally you've done it

[40:19]reasonably between you and a life you follow that matter you're off

[40:23]the hook you followed an expert who seems to be the most

[40:26]knowledgeable yes if you have reason to doubt this aspect and you

[40:31]could attribute the popularity of this merger to political factors to other

[40:35]factors in that case you need another rub we'll talk about the

[40:41]other two so this route may not be available for you but

[40:48]it could be available for a lot of people actually pinpointing some

[41:06]people are making these statements in fact some people will even outright

[41:11]tell you yeah even the houses have lobbies and the lobbies can

[41:14]choose which mirja is gonna be the grand merger the people do

[41:17]say that right and by the way we don't leave we don't

[41:22]live in a utopian world in which no factor is gonna influence

[41:25]any outcome there are hundreds of factors that play yes historically we

[41:31]see that the manager who was the most knowledgeable in the seminary

[41:39]through his classes through his works basically his students and the people

[41:43]in the seminary there was a understanding or from peers that he

[41:47]is the most knowledgeable so a lot of times that is known

[41:50]but there are factors that can influence that political factors social factors

[41:55]a lot of factors can influence that so between me and my

[42:01]Lords if I believe objectively doing some research asking some experts if

[42:07]I believe these factors are at play and that makes me doubt

[42:10]whether this person really is the most knowledgeable then in that case

[42:19]I need to look for another route so this could work some

[42:21]in some eras it could not work in other eras it's not

[42:25]a definite route but it is a rational route in a lot

[42:30]of areas the second route is to follow two experts who are

[42:40]ideal just and if you do that and they tell you we

[42:43]believe based on our expertise that X scholar is the most knowledgeable

[42:46]Islamic Lee that's enough for you why we have many Hadees about

[42:53]legal cases religious cases if you want evidence legal evidence in Islamic

[42:58]court in any case you go to two idols to just witnesses

[43:04]that's the concept of two just witnesses so number one they have

[43:10]to be just you can trust them you have to be truthful

[43:15]number two they're experts in their field as long as they're experts

[43:19]they have Hauser training they are experts they are at a capacity

[43:22]to kind of evaluate who may be more knowledgeable when looking at

[43:28]their works as long as you go to two scholars who are

[43:30]experts and they testify that we believe X scholar is the most

[43:34]knowledgeable Islamic Lee that's enough you fulfilled your obligation so that is

[43:44]the second round what if the experts contradict one another and they

[43:52]disagree choose those experts that you're more confident with choose the experts

[43:57]whom you think are more of an experts or they're more truthful

[44:01]and that's how you resolve it so two experts say the first

[44:04]emerge as the most knowledgeable these two experts say no the second

[44:09]merger is the most knowledgeable and they're experts they're just basically which

[44:15]of these two do you trust most and you think they have

[44:19]better expertise whatever you felt confident with in Islamic law that's enough

[44:26]remember even in court with very important issues the religion understand starting

[44:32]with the prophets of Allahu Allahu Allah he accepted the testimony of

[44:37]two just witnesses and this is an area where you rely on

[44:41]to just witnesses to tell you whom they think is the most

[44:43]knowledgeable yes in some areas aslam has stipulated for like adultery but

[44:52]that's an exception in all cases to just witnesses aren't enough except

[44:58]in some cases where the Sharia said no we we need let's

[45:01]say more witnesses so this goes back to the default when it

[45:05]comes to s'matter any objections to this second round it sounds maybe

[45:16]more reasonable more practical yes so this is a rap that's available

[45:21]to anyone ask to us for experts and that's fine number three

[45:28]the third path is the most difficult path you'll research yourself see

[45:32]you need to maybe study 30 40 years to be a manager

[45:35]but you don't need to study 30 40 years to know how

[45:41]to evaluate the research that they do so if you go 10

[45:46]15 years in the seminary you do your research after a while

[45:49]when you examine the way that they are extracting the laws you

[45:56]kind of develop the experience to evaluate have you seen sometimes when

[45:59]you go to college you're in a class and you're experienced in

[46:01]that class and then there are two presenters you're not as good

[46:06]as the presenters they're definitely higher than you you're maybe masters they're

[46:09]PhD but given that you are in the master's program and you

[46:14]know how the system works you can evaluate which of these PhD

[46:17]professors seems to be more knowledgeable you can make that objective evaluation

[46:23]because you know how the system works and so they're showing you

[46:28]how they're extracting the law so that's the third route which is

[46:32]tough it's not available to a lot of people so choose one

[46:36]of these three and that's how you find the most knowledgeable and

[46:40]if you couldn't in the end you could not reach at someone

[46:46]who's the most knowledgeable then at least limited to a circle of

[46:51]Miraj who seem to be equal in knowledge or at least them

[46:53]the most knowledgeable is one of them if you believe they're equal

[47:02]in knowledge and then choose any one of them that's fine if

[47:04]you believe they're equal in knowledge like the research that you've done

[47:07]it's all indicating look they're pretty much comparable they're pretty pretty equal

[47:11]I could not decipher which one's the more knowledgeable they're pretty equal

[47:15]follow any one of them that's fine intellectually you can follow any

[47:18]one of them there they're both valid to follow well this is

[47:27]basically if these three did not yield you results to find out

[47:33]who's the most knowledgeable then the the next step would be just

[47:38]to follow one of them who's an expert if you could not

[47:42]determine who's the most knowledgeable just follow one of them that's fine

[47:55]see these modern speakers are not experts that's why I said you

[48:00]need at least 10-15 years of seminary training to know how the

[48:03]system works right some and the example I gave is someone who's

[48:10]liked it and then the master's program they they know by now

[48:13]they've studied you know when you're in the master's program you've been

[48:17]studying for how many years now twelve years and then four years

[48:22]of college and then two years well almost twenty years of studying

[48:24]by now just keep that in mind right and then there's someone

[48:29]who's a PhD you can begin to start evaluating and remember this

[48:32]does not apply to everyone by the way somebody could be in

[48:34]the seminary 50 years mashallah and they're still like some people who

[48:40]keep take T keep taking college classes for 30 years and they

[48:44]don't achieve anything no we're talking about someone who knows between him

[48:47]and his Lord he studied well he can evaluate if you can

[48:52]between you and your Lord evaluate by having that firm experience than

[48:56]yes you can make that judgment for yourself it's a rational round

[49:02]see as long as something is rational we don't have an infallible

[49:05]way the only infallible ways our last ending jabrai I'm telling you

[49:11]is the most knowledgeable we have to look for rational ways that

[49:15]follow the spirit of Islam to determine these things but remember this

[49:21]third way you need to be an expert not of not mature

[49:27]level expert but close to HT HOD to make that determination so

[49:30]you must have read the works of these Menagerie you no legal

[49:33]theory you know snow the Arabic language weenus no the Heidi if

[49:38]you must know further you must know all of that you're very

[49:41]highly qualified at that level you can make an evaluation and sometimes

[49:46]you even can't cannot that's fine if you could not make that

[49:50]evaluation to Mirage jet seem to be equally knowledgeable follow one of

[49:55]them it's okay valid ratchet another that's valid in the mean times

[50:01]I have to use one of the other two routes until I

[50:06]reach the third one because you cannot stay without one of these

[50:10]three in the end you have to practice Islamic law what will

[50:13]your basis be during this 20 20 years you're flat washer you're

[50:18]not an expert to give foot to us so what do you

[50:21]do okay you're studying but you're not an expert yet as long

[50:25]as you're not an expert yet you cannot say I put the

[50:31]system away until I get there rationally that's condemned by rational people

[50:35]because in the meantime if you made mistakes if you couldn't get

[50:38]it right you're to be blamed because you're not following any anyone

[50:41]who's an expert choose the second row we have Hadees from the

[50:46]profit from the Imams from every amount that in in indeed in

[50:48]in a lot of cases right to determine the outcome of a

[50:53]case go to two islands to just witnesses the Quran even mentions

[50:56]it why not apply it to this field go to to audience

[51:02]that's on them in fact the prophets are Allah Allah in a

[51:05]hadith Rasul Allah in a hadith he says that's accepted by all

[51:08]Muslims the Prophet says when you come to me for disputes I

[51:14]go by Boehner I go by testimonies and evidences if some of

[51:21]you fabricate your evidence in court or you lie in your testimonies

[51:24]I Allah did not command me to act on my unseen knowledge

[51:31]I won't give it to you let's say you disappear you have

[51:32]a dispute about a piece of property xate says it's mine i'm

[51:38]says it's mine so they went to the Prophet ya rasulallah you

[51:41]be the judge the Prophet tells okay what's your evidence they what's

[51:46]your evidence so Zadie goes and brings two just witnesses who are

[51:52]known in the community to be just but he made a deal

[51:53]with them and they're lying what just doesn't mean you're infallible means

[51:57]you're reliable buts for whatever reason he gave them a million dinars

[52:03]to entice them and they went to light the prophet sallallaahu I

[52:08]says well as long as you brought those two witnesses in court

[52:13]I will rule in his favor but he must know that when

[52:19]I ruled for this people piece of property in his favor I

[52:22]have given him a piece of help this is the words of

[52:27]the Prophet nom he uses fire I've given her a piece of

[52:29]fire because he knows that this is fabricated and I have to

[52:35]go by the appearance evidence not by my animal tape so yes

[52:39]I ruled this land to be for you but since you know

[52:44]that it's not your rightful land then he this you're playing with

[52:48]fire in other words so even the Prophet says I go by

[52:51]the testimony of two just witnesses apply it here don't say no

[52:56]I'm not going to follow anyone until in 20 years I'd become

[52:58]an expert because who are you gonna follow in the next 20

[53:00]years you have to follow something you can't stay in limbo the

[53:05]time for so that comes had clumps like that all these laws

[53:08]who are you gonna follow who your opinions you haven't looked at

[53:15]it yet you're not an expert yet so who are you going

[53:16]to follow on the time being yes you want to take the

[53:21]precautionary route where there's 20 mirage if you take the toughest fatwa

[53:24]okay that's fine you want to burden yourself like that I love

[53:27]salmon usually these people they want an easy way out so they're

[53:34]not gonna choose this one for sure I guarantee that's rational lines

[53:44]but the basic element that you can present to them are it

[53:50]for your prayers for your seminar your fasting your Hajj how are

[53:53]you determining how to do that at this point I mean we

[53:57]get stuck to them why they can't really answer that and that's

[54:00]the challenge the very last point about tuck lead and with that

[54:08]we will end the discussion on tuck lead the manager has to

[54:14]be the most knowledgeable right most knowledgeable in what huh yeah so

[54:23]in what they're most knowledgeable in what exactly okay so they're more

[54:32]knowledgeable in flick but define that what is though somebody will ask

[54:35]you today what's fit how would you put that so they're the

[54:41]most knowledgeable and hadith like what about hadith like memorizing the hadith

[54:46]understanding and explaining the hadith deciphering the meanings legal theory which helps

[54:56]you helps you develop principles taken from hadith to apply scholars and

[55:01]experts have mentioned the manager has to be the most knowledgeable in

[55:05]extracting Islamic laws from their sources which is the Quran and the

[55:16]Sunna taking the principles and having an amazing ability to apply them

[55:23]to particular cases see lawyers they study principles in law then when

[55:27]you go to court and there's a trial you have to use

[55:30]what you know about general principles from law from constitution from the

[55:34]Bill of Rights from whatever and apply it to this case to

[55:38]that case to that case the application requires expertise not everybody knows

[55:42]how to take general principles and apply them to the specific cases

[55:47]and to know which case belongs to which principle have you seen

[55:50]those confusing SAT questions where it gives you a principle and it

[55:56]says this applies see it give like for answers and you have

[56:01]to choose which one does this apply to most and those you

[56:03]hate those questions right most because you look at three of them

[56:07]like if they all make sense seems to apply to them but

[56:12]the real expert can determine noonim for these reasons only B is

[56:16]correct here C that requires a lot of experience for you to

[56:20]do that so when we're talking about a major who's most knowledgeable

[56:24]he's most knowledgeable in that process he has a command on this

[56:29]process today unfortunately a lot of people are confusing what most knowledgeable

[56:36]means today a young man a youth will come to you say

[56:39]it this manager he knows more scientific terms so he's most knowledgeable

[56:43]that's not an indicator of being the most knowledgeable this manager knows

[56:48]how to speak he can give a speech that man I've never

[56:52]heard him speak in his life that's not an indicator this project

[56:57]can save me money well that's convenience now but we're talking about

[57:02]knowledge or I've seen people every year when you have this aid

[57:06]and the Crescent controversy some people will tell you that I will

[57:15]believe in X budget because they believe in the unity over horizon

[57:18]or they believe in the telescope or as that manager who does

[57:21]not believe in the telescope he doesn't know anything about science so

[57:26]he's less knowledgeable so this merger is more knowledgeable that's not acceptable

[57:30]that's not a way to determine that manager may be more knowledgeable

[57:34]the one who says you can follow the Telus telescope but you

[57:37]cannot make that determination just based on that you're following a merger

[57:41]because you're trusting their understanding of hadith and Quran what they understand

[57:48]from Quran and hadith it's not a requirement for the venture to

[57:51]be a scientist yes sometimes the merchant needs to know some science

[57:54]to present the case for you the merger is not coming up

[58:00]with scientific laws for you go and follow a physicist for that

[58:03]the manager is giving you rulings hook what's the law of Allah

[58:06]that's it what do we understand from this hadith regardless of what

[58:11]science is the these days science gave you the telescope so what

[58:17]does this matter better understand hadith and apply the general principles to

[58:24]cases or no that's all so keep that in mind and I

[58:30]think a lot of people have a have this confusion about what

[58:32]it means to be the more the most knowledgeable or I remember

[58:37]once there was a person was you know very emotional about the

[58:40]merger that he was following and he said my merger I've read

[58:44]a book he's written in psychology he knows more than every other

[58:51]merger he's an up-to-date modern merger it's very good for the manager

[58:55]to know psychology I respect that manager who can write in psychology

[58:58]I'll pull him I'll put him on my head but that's not

[59:03]a factor that independently will determine he's more knowledgeable on what basis

[59:06]are you thinking that conclusion yes that much of who can write

[59:25]in psychology and the actual you know most learning you know I

[59:29]mean also other you know feels you know they're equal in the

[59:34]in the terms that you've just described you know they may know

[59:39]how to apply from Quran and Sunnah and you know so if

[59:44]you believe in the first step based on the research that you've

[59:46]done they are equal in their understanding of Quran and Sunnah and

[59:50]their expertise in extracting laws from the Quran and Sunnah but the

[59:54]second merger because he studied these modern fields whether it's astronomy whether

[60:01]it's psychology sociology whatever it is and that allows them to better

[60:06]understand the conditions of a ruling and how that ruling can be

[60:12]applied in modern times so this second merger has this extra right

[60:21]expertise in that area then yes this could determine you know this

[60:25]could be a valid reason why you would follow the second manager

[60:27]but remember in the first step you accepted that they're both equal

[60:32]in terms of extracting the law in terms of legal theory and

[60:35]their mastery of legal theory in terms of their understanding of Arabic

[60:38]in the Quran in the top seal and the hadith we're assuming

[60:43]they're equal in that first place regardless of what science now is

[60:47]saying yes if the second merger seems to be able to implement

[60:51]those texts to modern conditions then yes that would be a factor

[60:56]to choose that second web job definitely see scholars about this particular

[61:09]fatwa girls can wear pants yeah whether they can or not see

[61:16]the the scholars will give you the general ruling about hijab right

[61:20]her job is modesty and the general ruling that they give you

[61:26]is any type of clothing that attracts attention and reveals the shape

[61:31]of the body thereby provoked the opposite gender that would be that

[61:35]would violate the principles of hedge on the merger is not going

[61:40]to come and tell you this fabric this cloth this these can

[61:43]be socially determined in some parts of the world if a girl

[61:48]wears this outfit it's provocative it draws attention and another part of

[61:52]the world maybe it's not so this could vary so it's not

[61:56]just to him any other manager will give you this general ruling

[61:59]the manager will say if it does draw attention if it reveals

[62:04]the very exact shape of the body well that provokes the other

[62:09]the opposite gender same with men by the way if the men

[62:12]are wearing types of clothes that are provocative that violates the part

[62:17]of the concept of hijab and the menage are clear on that

[62:21]haram they will tell you it's haram if that's the case it

[62:23]is haram I myself have heard Mirage a being asked this question

[62:29]where woman asked them they forwarded this fatwa can we see a

[62:32]sports match in which men are wearing shorts they're looking good and

[62:36]I'm seeing their body and this could be a little bit provocative

[62:40]the manager said it's haram you cannot watch that they're very clear

[62:44]about this of course society chooses to ignore these rulings from the

[62:48]menage abut there there see it there exactly the manager is not

[63:03]going to sit there and tell you legging legging is this the

[63:08]pants is that they won't right they'll just give you the concept

[63:12]the the general concept yes maybe someone privately asked him if this

[63:16]is the case and this is the case what do you think

[63:20]maybe he gave his opinion but there's nothing official about that they

[63:28]were arguing about something she said do you know how do you

[63:37]understand your hands you know it's see every manager every merger will

[63:42]agree with this principle that if a girl or even a boy

[63:46]is wearing something that is provocative that's how simple is that they

[63:52]all agree on that there's no difference in them you see that's

[63:58]determined by society if in that society this is considered inappropriate in

[64:06]the eyes of practicing Muslims and it is provocative it draws attention

[64:10]from the opposite gender the minute it draws attention right from the

[64:16]opposite gender it violates the spirit of her job it's true both

[64:20]ways it applies to men and applies to women so with that

[64:24]my dear brothers and sisters we conclude the discussion on tuck lead

[64:28]the next discussion we're going to have which is an extension of

[64:32]you know because remember last year we ended at Amana and the

[64:36]Imams of Anna Bates and the 12th Imam and that's how we

[64:39]got into took lead because who represents the 12th Imam in the

[64:44]absence an extension of a mama and glorifying the symbols of Imams

[64:49]and the prophets of course Allah Allahu Allah and other prophets is

[64:56]the construction of holy shrines the gold that is used to decorate

[65:00]the domes and the minarets and so there are some people today

[65:03]objecting that this violates the spirit of Islam this is a waste

[65:07]of money this is extravagance where do we have any evidence in

[65:11]our Quran or hadith or rational law that you can do this

[65:16]to a person who passed away and this is something unacceptable it's

[65:19]better to take all this money and all this gold and give

[65:21]it to the poor and save starving people instead of wasting it

[65:25]on these shrines so this is an important discussion will examine next

[65:28]week insha allah o allah o allah sayidina muhammadin while I apply

[65:32]honey

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التالي

50- (5) Islamic Beliefs - Following the Most Learned Scholar - Sayed Mohammad Baqer Qazwini

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يرجى ملاحظة أنه إذا كان عمرك أقل من 18 عامًا ، فلن تتمكن من الوصول إلى هذا الموقع.

التالي

50- (5) Islamic Beliefs - Following the Most Learned Scholar - Sayed Mohammad Baqer Qazwini

Transcript

التالي

استكشاف المزيد

اختيار طريقة الدفع

لغة