1- Arabic Grammar - Features and History of Arabic - Sayed Mohammad Baqer Qazwini

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Al-Hujjah Islamic Seminary
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Arabic Grammar, offered in 2017-2018, is now available to take online at Al-Hujjah Islamic Seminary. The first five classes are available to view as a demo to get an idea of how the course is instructed. To register for this class, see all class videos, and take the exams, visit hujjahseminary.com. For any questions, email us at [email protected]

Transcript

[0:07]audhu billahi mina hiim I begin in the name of the Almighty

[0:14]God the compassionate the merciful the one who has created everything in

[0:23]utmost perfection and may the peace and blessings of the Almighty God

[0:28]be upon his pure and beloved messenger the holy prophet muhammad sallallahu

[0:34]aleyhi wa ala long salli ala muhammad and his immaculate progeny of

[0:39]the idol bait especially the leader of our time the awaited saviour

[0:44]and imam al-mahdi may Allah haste in his reappearance and make us

[0:49]all amongst us sincere and dedicated servants my respected brothers and sisters

[0:55]assalamu alaykum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh it is my utmost honor to welcome you

[1:06]to this course on air Arabic grammar as you know Arabic is

[1:11]the language of the Holy Quran it is the vehicle the medium

[1:18]that carries for us the word of allah subhanahu wa'ta'ala the final

[1:23]word of god what differentiates the holy quran from previous divine books

[1:30]is that the holy quran is the actual word of god it's

[1:34]not the word the composition of any human being even the holy

[1:40]prophet peace be upon him he did not add a single word

[1:45]and there is a reason why the prophet peace be upon him

[1:48]was unlettered meaning he never studied under anyone he never acted reading

[1:54]or writing why why did God choose his final messenger who's at

[2:05]the peak of knowledge to be unlettered meaning that he did not

[2:11]practice reading or writing for what purpose to demonstrate to humanity that

[2:17]this is my word not the word of the Prophet this was

[2:21]the miracle of the holy prophet a man who never studied who

[2:26]never went to school who never practiced reading or writing in his

[2:32]life yet he delivered such an amazing book that is so amazing

[2:35]that is so concise historically the Arabic language has been one of

[2:43]the most important languages in the world even until today today Arabic

[2:49]is spoken by how many million people can someone guess here 1.6

[2:55]million well we have about 1.6 billion Muslims but the majority of

[3:03]Muslims are not Arab by the way only 20% of Muslims are

[3:10]Arab so most Muslims actually don't speak Arabic maybe yes they've memorized

[3:14]a few chapters from the Quran for the purpose of praying but

[3:18]they don't speak the Arabic language they're not fluent in the Arabic

[3:24]language 25 million so yes about 20% of that according to statistics

[3:33]more than 300 million people today speak the Arabic language 300 million

[3:40]according to some statistics and estimates 450 million around the world so

[3:46]you have about half a billion people who speak this language now

[3:50]what's interesting about Arabic also is that when you compare it to

[3:59]other languages you see that other languages have evolved and changed so

[4:05]much throughout history take any language today that existed a thousand years

[4:11]ago and compare the two there's a big big difference if you

[4:14]go to the person who speaks that language and show him a

[4:18]manuscript from a thousand years ago and read it to him they

[4:22]would not they probably would not understand it because it changed so

[4:28]much the exception is the Arabic language some changes did happen obviously

[4:35]you've got many dialects you know each region would speak slightly differently

[4:40]than other areas but classical Arabic the Arabic that existed 14 centuries

[4:45]ago at the time of the Prophet peace be upon him and

[4:51]his family still exists today the Holy Quran was revealed in the

[4:56]Arabic language until today people who speak Arabic they understand many verses

[5:01]of the Holy Quran many of the narrations of the Holy Prophet

[5:04]especially those who grow up in purely Arabian societies they understand many

[5:10]of the words of the Holy Quran many of the words of

[5:15]the hadith so we see that the holy quran played an important

[5:19]role in preserving the Arabic language throughout history had it not been

[5:25]for Islam Arabic today would not be as we know it today

[5:29]would have been involved it would have been changed but the Holy

[5:36]Quran is what preserved classical Arabic and this is indeed one of

[5:40]the contributions of the religion of Islam that it preserved this rich

[5:44]language now before the religion of Islam you'll find that Arabic was

[5:51]primarily a poetic language it was spoken orally rarely what would it

[5:57]be written most people in Arabian society did not know how to

[6:03]read or write they were illiterate it was a very poetic language

[6:07]most people in Arabia if they wanted to flex their muscles there

[6:12]would be poets they would compose poems lines of poetry and poets

[6:21]had major influence in society you know they were the speakers of

[6:25]society in Arabian society who were the speakers they weren't religious people

[6:32]or politicians giving speeches they were poets if you were a good

[6:38]poet your poetry your literature was effective you had a very powerful

[6:42]social standing in that era and in that society so we see

[6:48]that the Arabic language before the religion of Islam it was not

[6:50]really code if Lyde it was not really written the rules were

[6:56]not that clear you couldn't go to a manuscript a book a

[7:01]dictionary to read about the language to read about the vocabulary of

[7:05]the language the grammar of the language that was not existence in

[7:09]Arabian society you just grow up there you memorize it you orally

[7:15]learn it and then you speak it after the religion of Islam

[7:20]we see something different we see an effort to codify the Arabic

[7:24]language to capture the grammar of the Arabic language and we'll speak

[7:30]about that shortly now what really distinguishes the Arabic language from other

[7:37]languages is that the Arabic language is heavily based on a root

[7:43]system every word that you speak in Arabic is derived from a

[7:54]particular root and you have several types of roots root words the

[7:58]most common type is the three-letter root let me give you some

[8:01]examples here so you can see and at the level of deriving

[8:08]these roots you have the minor derivative and you have the major

[8:14]derivative let's give an example here so this becomes clear to us

[8:25]so examples of minor derivatives let's take the word supper does anyone

[8:38]know what safar means in Arabic to travel right cellphone in Arabic

[8:48]the word suffer is composed of three letters the scene the S

[8:57]the Fah which is the F and the rock which is the

[8:59]are now safar means to travel right if you want to say

[9:07]he is traveling you want to make it a verb you would

[9:18]say Yousaf you you just add a vowel two vowels they are

[9:22]and the Elif and now you give a slightly different meaning you

[9:29]change it from a noun to a verb safar is a now

[9:36]traveling to travel you suffer as someone who is travelling but we

[9:41]see that the root word this seen the far Dada stay there

[9:47]only the vowels change chatlin the future we will discuss these different

[9:52]forms this is just to give you an idea now you also

[10:01]have Mousavi Mousavi is who a traveler you have now another word

[10:10]that is Sofia have you heard what the word Sofia is ambassador

[10:22]what does an ambassador have to do with traveling there's some connection

[10:28]there right an ambassador is one who travels to a foreign state

[10:32]and he or she represents that state so you're talking about some

[10:36]distance so all of these words in essence capture one root word

[10:45]one common meaning which is to travel now it depends on the

[10:53]form that you use you can slightly give different meanings now this

[10:56]is the minor derivative but there is a major derivative here and

[11:02]this is more interesting which shows you the depth of the Arabic

[11:07]language when it comes to the minor derivative we're talking about pretty

[11:12]much the same meaning which is to travel you're just changing the

[11:18]forms of the word traveling he is traveling traveler an ambassador who

[11:24]travels it's pretty much the same meaning now when you go to

[11:30]the major derivative you have a more common meaning at the level

[11:38]of the root word that combines all these different meanings let's give

[11:42]a few examples so we have stuff up here which means to

[11:46]travel we also have SIF does anyone know what the word sifri

[11:52]means it's written exactly like suffer the same three letters but the

[12:05]vowels change the Holika that one is so far this one is

[12:07]sift does anyone know what's if means a book that's why when

[12:13]you read about the bible in arabic the book of genesis is

[12:17]called one sifrit a queen for example self means a book it's

[12:23]using the same exact root word here now there's another word Safin

[12:35]this one's interesting or Sapphira does anyone know what the word Safa

[12:40]is uncovered someone who's uncovered or in most societies they refer to

[12:49]a woman for example who's not fully covered or not observing the

[12:53]her job she's called a Safa you see the same word is

[13:01]being used here there's just an extra vowel and there are many

[13:05]many other examples that we can find in the major derivative another

[13:10]word theft seal you've all heard this word tipsy uses the same

[13:19]root word you know what tafseera is right subsea of the quran

[13:23]tafseer of the hadith the exegesis the definition the explanation now I

[13:29]want you to critically think now tell me what's common amongst these

[13:34]words travel book somebody who's uncovered tafseer right and that's why they

[13:48]have the same root word but what's common amongst the meanings I

[13:54]mean why do these four words have the same root word because

[13:57]in Arabic we said that the root word has a meaning and

[14:05]that meaning applies to all these words that have the same root

[14:08]the same muster the same source now try guessing what's common amongst

[14:14]these four words what do they have to do with each other

[14:16]such that in the Arabic language they put them in the same

[14:24]root word they all have the same root word you're yes exactly

[14:29]you got very close to make something apparent so far to travel

[14:38]especially you know in all centuries when you would travel you would

[14:45]come out of your house and it usually was in the day

[14:47]so you would come outside of your house you make yourself apparent

[14:55]you show yourself out of your house to go to travel hence

[14:59]we see that that original root word from the major derivative is

[15:03]there Seth which means book what does it have to do with

[15:09]showing or a parent exactly a book shows you knowledge it makes

[15:19]information apparent to you right hence it uses the same root word

[15:24]that's why any book is called SIF because it's uncovering knowledge its

[15:29]uncovering information for you do you see the connection here this one

[15:37]is obvious Safa someone who's uncovered or a woman who's not observing

[15:40]the head job wires why is she called saffron in Arabic because

[15:44]she is uncovered or she is showing what usually is covered for

[15:51]instance Pepsi why is it called tipsy why does it use the

[15:59]same root word because it's showing the inherent meanings of the Quran

[16:04]meanings that are not apparent to the average person through the process

[16:09]of tips ear and exegesis you make it apparent to the audience

[16:13]to the listener to the reader and hence it's called tip seal

[16:20]so you see that all these words they go back to one

[16:23]major rule word and there is something that combines them all and

[16:30]that's really amazing this this just this is just a glimpse to

[16:34]show you the depths of the Arabic language and how interconnected the

[16:38]words are now this helps you by knowing how the system of

[16:42]root words work if you come across an Arabic word it's the

[16:47]first time you read it you don't know what the meaning is

[16:52]if you can try to remember the root word figure out what

[16:54]the root word is and in your mind maybe you have an

[16:58]idea of the root word let's say you don't know what's a

[17:01]field or Tufts ear or syphilis but you know the word suffer

[17:06]you've heard the word of traveling try to make a connection there

[17:09]this helps you many times in figuring out the meaning of an

[17:13]Arabic word just by analyzing the root word you come to discover

[17:20]what the meaning is you'll at least have an idea of what

[17:22]it means so this is very interesting about the Arabic language that

[17:27]it's based on root words now when it comes to Arabic grammar

[17:34]we have two Sciences when it comes to the Arabic language we

[17:39]have what's called Edmund Naju which is Arabic grammar and this course

[17:45]will examine Arabic grammar and we have we have what's called an

[17:54]miss self and the self is a science that is studied in

[17:56]the seminaries these days and the universities most universities no longer really

[18:02]study the second science and myself is a science that focuses on

[18:06]the root words of the Arabic language you'll study for several years

[18:14]being an expert on how this works now this that I just

[18:17]showed you this is very brief this is just the tip of

[18:21]the iceberg you can go for years and years and delve into

[18:23]the science of Arabic when it comes to root words how they

[18:29]work there are different meanings and hence the more you delve into

[18:34]the science the more you come to realize how accurate the Holy

[18:37]Quran is why did God choose this word in this particular form

[18:42]not in another form each form has layers and dimensions to it

[18:49]where do you learn that and add myself but this is complex

[18:52]and it's quite complicated we have what's called Elmen ahoge is just

[18:59]basic Arabic grammar you dissect a sentence where is the subject where

[19:04]is the verb to make sure that you speak Arabic properly you're

[19:09]following the grammatical rules the prepositions the conjunctions the adverbs the adjectives

[19:14]that has to do with Arabic grammar illumina now before we look

[19:21]at the textbook it's interesting to know how the science started because

[19:25]as we said during the time of the Arabs this was not

[19:29]codified it was orally spoken there was no formal science that people

[19:37]could read to learn Arabic you had to go live in an

[19:39]Arabic society grow up there for you to understand Arabic and Arabic

[19:42]grammar scholars and historians state that the one who established and founded

[19:50]Arabic grammar was Imam Ali ibn ABI Taleb alehissalaam through one of

[19:58]his students by the name of abu sweat at Dorney he was

[20:01]not a companion because he didn't meet the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa

[20:07]he came shortly after the Prophet so he's considered one of the

[20:10]tiber name those Muslims who came after the era of the Prophet

[20:15]he was one of the students of imam ali bin ABI talib

[20:20]and salam and there is an interesting story that history has narrated

[20:24]for us how the science started the story is that once during

[20:29]the time of the imam ali salaam about us what do le

[20:35]he hears a person reciting surah tabara surah at-taubah and he comes

[20:41]to one of those verses in surah to Toba let me write

[20:49]the verse for you that's what was hearing this man he was

[20:54]reading the first few verses of surah at-taubah when he got to

[21:08]this verse an ilaha berry on men and mushrikeen what a Sulha

[21:19]allah subhanaw taala and the beginning of this chapter discusses a treaty

[21:27]that happened between the Muslims and the pagans of Mecca they broke

[21:31]the treaty the treaty of hudaibiya allah subhanaw taala declared to the

[21:37]muslims since the pagans have violated the treaty then and they're attacking

[21:42]you they're waging war against you now you can defend yourselves you

[21:45]can go to war with them because they have broken the treaty

[21:51]now this verse states that allah is pronouncing and declaring to the

[21:57]muslim community that allah is betty from the mushrikeen god distance himself

[22:02]from the mushrikeen in other words god condemns the pagans who broke

[22:07]that peace treaty then unless of hanataro says rasulu a buddhist what

[22:18]did I need he was hearing someone recite this verse that man

[22:22]recited it this way an ilaha berry on men and mushrikeen awara

[22:26]surely I will s what was shocked because just by changing one

[22:37]small vowel the letters are exactly the same you have a solo

[22:41]here there's a vowel there or a Sulha that's another vowel they're

[22:48]very similar but they changed the meaning of the entire sentence the

[22:52]quran says allah subhanahu wa'ta'ala condemns the evil pagans who broke the

[22:58]peace treaty and they're waging war against the Muslims and the Prophet

[23:04]also condemns them and he dis Associates himself from them now this

[23:11]is a few really a solo because now when you read it

[23:13]rasulu you're actually this Wow is a conjunction it's and Allah condemns

[23:21]the pagans and and there are soon to also condemns now when

[23:30]you make it a different vowel you make it the Tesla this

[23:33]is called a Tesla this changing this changes the whole meaning because

[23:37]it indicates that the Wow now this and and the Prophet you're

[23:42]joining it after mushrikeen so god forbid god forbid you know the

[23:50]meaning would be that allah you know dissociates himself from the mushrikeen

[23:55]and from his own messenger you see one small vowel changes the

[24:00]meaning of an entire sentence so i persuaded to idea according to

[24:05]this historical narration he goes to mom and even every Taliban in

[24:08]Salam he tells him o Imam I heard someone saying blasphemy he's

[24:17]changing the Quran by changing a vowel and he condemned the Prophet

[24:21]Mohammed navya Taliban in sallam told him ok in order to treat

[24:25]this problem to address this problem we have to codify Arabic grammar

[24:30]so that people come to know these differences after the Prophet sallallahu

[24:36]alayhi wa remember that many non Arabs were joining the Muslim community

[24:42]the original Arabs you did not need to teach them this this

[24:46]was second nature to them they knew this very well however those

[24:50]who came after the expansion of the Muslim societies many of them

[24:59]were not Arabs many of them came from Persia many of them

[25:02]came from Rome from different parts of the world at the time

[25:08]they did not know the complexities of the Arabic language so they

[25:11]would make such mistakes imam ali IBN ABI talib ani sallam told

[25:15]tells us what Adelie he says go and codify this develop a

[25:21]system of Arabic grammar so people can learn it they can study

[25:27]it because there was nothing at the time so he goes and

[25:30]he works on developing Arabic grammar when he comes back to see

[25:34]him I'm not even every Taliban is Salam he had written you

[25:38]know some rules basic rules on a piece of paper he came

[25:43]to presented to Imam Ali and his salon the Imam also had

[25:46]a manuscript ready for him in one hadeeth of us what did

[25:51]you ID he says a man I did not meet Allah gave

[25:55]me a manuscript in which he starts by saying bismillah ar-rahman ar-rahim

[25:58]language is composed of three parts you having noun a verb and

[26:07]a preposition Subhan Allah you see the amount and I'm teaching him

[26:10]to dissect language you've got a subject you've got a noun it

[26:16]has its own rules and laws you have a verb it has

[26:18]its own dynamics rules and laws and then you have a preposition

[26:23]and then the Imam explains to him what is a now what

[26:28]is a verb what is a preposition and after that we see

[26:35]that Arabic grammar you know was taught in society after the efforts

[26:41]of aborted Riley as instructed by Imam Ali Ali Silla and you

[26:46]see the famous linguist of history like for example see Bowie see

[26:50]boy is probably the most prominent experts in Arabic grammar throughout history

[26:57]Seba way is one of these students of abuddin that's what the

[27:03]daily but a few generations apart he's one of his indirect students

[27:07]so we see that all this Arabic grammar that we have today

[27:10]with whose blessings and efforts was it preserved for us the efforts

[27:17]of Imam Ali ibn ABI Talib Allah's Salam so it is very

[27:21]important for us to know Arabic grammar for us to gain a

[27:26]better understanding of the Arabic language to better understand the Holy Quran

[27:30]they are hadith of a debate because all these details make a

[27:34]difference and how you analyze a religious text how you understand the

[27:37]Book of Allah subhana WA Ta'ala and how you understand the hadith

[27:40]of the Prophet and the iron bait peace be upon them so

[27:47]now if we can start with our text book for those of

[27:51]you who have copies inshaallah by next week we will have the

[27:55]full packet available for you let's go to page 9 in this

[28:07]chapter we discuss what is called El Djem Latin mo Fida algebra

[28:13]2 la Vida is a complete sentence in any language you should

[28:20]have a complete sentence for it to make sense in Arabic there

[28:25]are several ways of formulating a complete sentence so these are some

[28:33]examples let's write these examples so we can see how we can

[28:40]form a complete sentence in the Arabic language so the first example

[28:45]that we have in the book Albus tano Jamil hoon does anyone

[28:56]know the meaning of al Bustan orchard garden generally speaking gardens harmonica

[29:03]let's say garden Jamia known is what you should know the word

[29:14]Jamil beautiful now in English if you want to say the garden

[29:19]is beautiful you want to say a complete sentence how do you

[29:23]say it you would say if you want to save the garden

[29:29]is beautiful you have to add a verb right it's called a

[29:33]helping verb Alaba Stano Jamil hoon the garden or a garden if

[29:41]you want to make it indefinite is beautiful but in the Arabic

[29:44]language here for this come late sentence you only see two words

[29:49]because in the Arabic language you don't necessarily need a verb to

[29:58]compose a complete sentence in the English language you need a verb

[30:03]every sentence requires a verb right can you think of a sentence

[30:08]that has no verb you have a subject and a verb do

[30:11]we have a sentence without a verb in English not really the

[30:15]word is it's called the helping verb it's a type of verb

[30:19]and the Arabic language you don't need a verb you just have

[30:24]two nouns the garden is beautiful and this is an adjective that

[30:28]describes the now this and the Arabic language is a type of

[30:31]complete sentence you don't need a verb for it to be a

[30:39]complete sentence now in this sentence it's the most basic type of

[30:43]sentence it's composed of only towards and you need at least two

[30:50]words or more to make a full sentence let's give an example

[30:55]of a sentence that starts with a verb the example that we

[31:00]have in the book is scheme' an EU and what are the

[31:11]ten what does this mean Chema a lien Waterton Chema it means

[31:19]to smell now the word Shama here is used in the past

[31:26]tense he smelled alien smelled the flower now you see that this

[31:35]sentence unlike the previous one it starts with a verb it's called

[31:39]a verbal sentence we'll examine that in Channel and the upcoming lessons

[31:43]and then you have the subject here who's Allie and then you

[31:50]have water here what's water it's not a it's not a preposition

[31:53]it's the object what did he smell what is the object of

[32:02]that verb it's the rose or the flower so this is another

[32:04]example of a complete sentence in the Arabic language looks like let's

[32:09]read some other examples here for example you will find that number

[32:17]two is a Shem subala tune what does that mean the Sun

[32:22]is out now father that is masculine or feminine feminine wine the

[32:31]tie at the end if you see the tot that has the

[32:39]two dots that is called at Ulmer boola in Arabic this is

[32:43]one of the signs that indicates the word is feminine now we're

[32:49]not talking about a woman here so why is it feminine and

[32:53]the Arabic language every single object is either masculine or feminine this

[33:01]is something found in the Arabic language so the son in Arabic

[33:07]is feminine hence if you want to describe the son you have

[33:11]to use an adjective for a feminine the mood on the other

[33:19]hand is masculine yes that's just the way they categorize it there

[33:23]is really no formula for it it's just the way the Arabs

[33:29]spoke the comer the mood on the other hand is masculine so

[33:31]if you want to say the same sentence tomorrow is out the

[33:37]moon is out how would you say it al carro para una

[33:40]and Camaro para you would use the masculine form I know this

[33:47]could get a little bit complicated if you're not familiar with the

[33:52]Arabic language but through practice through you know studying this will become

[33:57]a lot you know more familiar to you which words are feminine

[34:00]which words are masculine it's a little bit difficult but it's not

[34:05]that hard let's look at it let's look at another sentence number

[34:10]five yeah he shows semi-cool my Yash is a verb it's a

[34:22]present tense verb which means what it lives what's the subject of

[34:28]it what lives the fish the Semak now you'll notice that in

[34:31]English first you have the subject then the verb the fish lives

[34:38]in the water normally in English you always have this subject coming

[34:42]first then you have what you have the verb in Arabic it's

[34:47]quite the opposite generally speaking there are exceptions of course but generally

[34:55]speaking you have the verb come first then you've got the subject

[34:59]over here and the verse that we recited in allaha Barry Orman

[35:06]and mushrikeen Allah is very from the mushrikeen so you have the

[35:10]subject first which is Allah then you have the verb which is

[35:13]to dissociate or to condemn so you'll find in the Arabic language

[35:16]always expect that the verb will come first in a normal sentence

[35:25]then you will get the subject so this is one interesting difference

[35:30]between the Arabic language and the English language so yeah issue semi

[35:36]qu the fish lives in the water fee is a preposition and

[35:41]one of the chapters will discuss the prepositions fee means in it's

[35:47]just a word that means in inside something film I and ma

[35:51]is water so these are some examples that show us how a

[35:58]complete sentence is composed in the Arabic language you could have two

[36:03]words almost a ninja melon there's no verb involved in the Arabic

[36:07]language the garden it's beautiful and then you have some sentences which

[36:13]start with a verb either a past tense verb or a present

[36:19]tense verb therefore we see that in the Arabic language you need

[36:25]at least two words or more to compose a complete sentence now

[36:29]you could say especially if you speak Arabic but sometimes I've heard

[36:36]of sentences you know in which there's only one word you don't

[36:40]need towards can someone give us some examples for example if you

[36:47]say Cala which means no or if you give a command this

[36:51]what does this mean stand up deaf in the Arabic language how

[36:57]many words is it it's just one word right but does it

[37:03]give you a complete meaning absolutely you're telling a person to stand

[37:08]up that's a complete meaning but we just said that the Arabic

[37:11]language for it to have a complete sentence you need at least

[37:19]two words so is this an exception or no it's still following

[37:22]the same rule exactly in this example when you say DIF stand

[37:33]up there is a pronoun here that you've deleted for the sake

[37:37]of making conversation easy or because it's assumed that both parties know

[37:41]whom you're talking about so in reality when you dissect the sentence

[37:46]in Arabic they enter you stand up you don't have to say

[37:54]you because it's understood by both sides but in reality if you're

[37:58]analyzing the sentence and you're examining get from a grammatical perspective you

[38:04]have to write the U so even when you say stand up

[38:07]it's also a complete sentence you have the verb which is Beth

[38:12]and then you have the subject or the pronoun you which you've

[38:15]deleted from your conversation because it's understood there's no need to mention

[38:21]it or for example someone asks you how was the day today

[38:24]you can just reply by saying one word beautiful now you have

[38:30]Camille you've conveyed a full sentence here a full meaning but you've

[38:34]simply deleted the first part you don't have to say the day

[38:39]was beautiful because it's a given that you're talking about the day

[38:43]so once when someone asks you how was the day you was

[38:46]good beautiful you can just even say one word so these are

[38:51]not really exceptions we're still following the same rule that you need

[38:54]at least two words or more to make a complete sentence but

[38:58]in the examples that we've discussed here there is usually a pronoun

[39:03]another word that you've deleted for the sake of convenience and because

[39:08]it's understood what you're talking about so these are some examples of

[39:17]a complete sentence now if you look at the box at the

[39:20]bottom of the page it gives you it always summarizes to you

[39:24]what we've learned in this lesson that means a rule here's a

[39:31]grammatical rule number one at keyboard lady you feed if I edit

[39:35]an Taman if you have a sentence in Arabic a combination of

[39:40]words that gives you a full meaning you're some gem Latin mafida

[39:48]it's called a gem la Movida German I will finish a complete

[39:52]sentence where you some ma even Calormen it's also called speech so

[40:03]in Arabic when you say speech it means that it's a complete

[40:07]sentence it's a complete idea that you're communicating so that's the first

[40:11]rule the second rule and Jamela to animal feed but I like

[40:17]kaboom in Colima teen big mojo me lemma feeder which is the

[40:19]complete sentence can be formed by two words only like which example

[40:27]number one and Boustany Jimena it's just two words now in English

[40:30]you can't do that in English you need at least three words

[40:32]right because you need a subject and you need a verb or

[40:38]actually if you use some types of verbs you can also you

[40:45]know make it two words for example he eats he runs these

[40:48]are just two words and they're complete sentences so the same applies

[40:51]to Arabic in Arabic for you to form a complete sentence you

[40:57]need at least two words min can imitate so it's possible that

[41:00]you form a sentence from two words what that satellite couple min

[41:03]exa and it's also possible for you to form a sentence from

[41:09]more than towards for example number five yeah I issue semi-cool film

[41:13]I these are four words and you've given a complete sentence what

[41:18]could look a limit in fira to add to juice and min

[41:22]huh every word in that sentence is part of that sentence in

[41:26]the Arabic language just like any other language now if you go

[41:32]to the following page page 10 you see that this book what's

[41:35]unique about this book is that after every lesson it gives you

[41:40]practices so that when you go home you can review the lesson

[41:46]you can look at these sentences in order for you tone to

[41:49]see which sentence is a complete sentence or not so I highly

[41:55]recommend that after every lesson you examine these Temari as it's called

[42:02]or tumbly not these practices they are really helpful in solidifying these

[42:08]ideas and it's illustrating the ideas that we've discussed so for example

[42:12]if you look at number one it says read the previous examples

[42:20]and list how many words were in each sentence that's a basic

[42:25]task look at number two it says fil jamia la tía read

[42:28]the following sentences ouabain el kalamata we could leave our Heatherton min

[42:35]ha and identify the words in each one so if you look

[42:40]at number one as Samar Oh mom Tara how many words do

[42:44]we have here two words only what does that some i mean

[42:48]the sky mom Tara training this is a complete sentence now mom

[42:53]Torah is at masculine or feminine feminine how did you know it's

[43:02]feminine because of the tie at the end right so what does

[43:04]that indicate that the word sama and the Arabic language the sky

[43:07]it's a feminine word sad a masculine word well in last planet

[43:13]Allah when he talks about the sky in the Quran he uses

[43:15]the feminine pronoun and so on and so forth you'll see the

[43:21]other examples now number three it is asking you to distinguish the

[43:26]complete sentence from the incomplete sentence so if you look at number

[43:32]one lace l.joe does anyone know what the word lace and Arabic

[43:36]means it's a word that negates which means it's not what does

[43:41]l.joe mean the weather the weather is not is this a complete

[43:48]sentence no it's not even though you have two words but it's

[43:51]not a complete sentence akela Farid Farid is the name of a

[44:00]male what does iCal I mean he ate so Farid ate is

[44:03]that a complete sentence that's a complete sentence Alka taru sorry on

[44:09]the train is fast is that a complete sentence then yes so

[44:12]this is just to you know train you that in the Arabic

[44:14]language some of these sentences are complete and some are not number

[44:23]for image to head ten what does it mean here if it's

[44:26]dad means one if you make the effort if you make the

[44:33]effort and then it stops is this a complete sentence or no

[44:36]that's not a complete sentence if it's an answer yes but then

[44:43]if it's an answer as we mentioned there's something that's been omitted

[44:47]for the sake of conversation but if you just say this initially

[44:51]if you work hard okay then one you need the then so

[44:58]this is an incomplete sentence and so on and so forth number

[45:02]four for example it's asking you to fill in the blanks to

[45:07]make this a complete sentence so see these are some just some

[45:11]basic practices so that we you know can further examine the first

[45:15]lesson now you'll realize that today's lesson was you know pretty basic

[45:19]this is just the beginning and then as we go forward we'll

[45:24]begin to examine and dissect dissect different aspects of each sentence in

[45:30]the Arabic language the verb for example the nouns the pronouns the

[45:34]prepositions all of them have laws and rulings and grammar rules in

[45:39]the Arabic language we will examine them in our next lesson in

[45:43]sha Allah Allah Allah Mohammed in Wadi upon hearing [Music]

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