5- Intro to Rijal Studies - The Experts on Rijal - Sayed Hossein Qazwini

34 Bekeken· 24/07/19

Al-Hujjah Islamic Seminary
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Intro to Rijal Studies, offered in 2018-2019, is now available to take online at Al-Hujjah Islamic Seminary. The first five classes are available to view as a demo to get an idea of how the course is instructed. To register for this class, see all class videos, and take the exams, visit hujjahseminary.com. For any questions, email us at [email protected]

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Transcript

[0:00]all mm min ash-shaytani r-rajim smell r-rahmani r-rahim al-hamdu lillahi rabbil alameen

[0:07]wa sallahu ala sayidina muhammadin wa ala nabina Pauline this is our

[0:14]fifth episode in our series introduction to agile studies in the last

[0:23]lecture we discussed the pre-tax behind under what pretext do we refer

[0:32]to our Chinese scholar and we mentioned six number one we refer

[0:36]to him because he's a reliable narrator telling us a story of

[0:40]this person's reliable that persons that reliable - it's a form of

[0:50]testimony three it gives us one what other Johnny scholar tells us

[0:54]it gives us presumption for to form a fatwa we take his

[1:00]word for it as a fit SWA v it gives us certainty

[1:02]or assurance about ultimate nine and six other Johnny Scholar is a

[1:12]specialist and we've referred to him because he's a specialist and I

[1:18]mentioned in the last lecture that this is the opinion that we

[1:23]support and others have accepted this as well for example a little

[1:33]shave Alma mazzani in his famous compendium temporal McConnell Mirage on this

[1:41]is his view and perhaps our teacher Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammed the Senate

[1:46]that is also his view we are free told a jolly scholar

[1:49]because he's a specialist in the field and normal human beings rational

[1:56]people or fella do you refer to to the specialist in every

[2:03]field and because nagashi Keshe busi and others even later scholars with

[2:08]our own if they are considered as specialists in the field we

[2:13]may refer to them now this theory faces several problems and there

[2:26]are serious problems that we need to fix otherwise we cannot build

[2:32]upon this theory one of the major problems is posed by a

[2:39]shade house of moistening a contemporary scholar of ajahn in his book

[2:48]both one female Rajan he says that the reliability of a narrator

[2:57]is something that is felt by the senses I'm our own Hesse

[3:02]you can feel it you can feel if this person is reliable

[3:09]or not reliable either you've you've you've experienced it or you've tested

[3:14]that person and you've discovered you've discovered for example that this person

[3:17]is unreliable this is something Hesse you could feel it you could

[3:29]sense it anyone with sound senses has senses work will discover that

[3:35]this person is reliable or unreliable when we refer to a specialist

[3:40]we don't refer to as a specialist on things that are sensed

[3:46]that we can sense ourselves or more Hesse you know we refer

[3:53]to a specialist on things that cannot be sensed but need to

[3:57]be reasoned need to be derived more hotsia it's a Hadiya we

[4:06]refer to a specialist to take his opinion not to take his

[4:11]piece of news remember what we said in the previous lessons that

[4:18]old Otto jolly what he says is it an opinion or is

[4:20]that a piece of news is there a difference absolutely a piece

[4:24]of news is not an opinion it's some that you saw or

[4:29]you heard or you heard from people was passed down to you

[4:33]generation after generation but in opinion an opinion is not a piece

[4:40]of news it's something that you've analyzed you've done your research you've

[4:44]gathered information you've gathered pieces of evidence and you reach the conclusion

[4:49]that is an opinion it's an opinion you could call it a

[4:57]fetch wall if you want effort wha is a judgment it could

[4:59]be a a judgement of a doctor when a doctor tells you

[5:04]have to take this medicine that's a fatwa but it's a medicinal

[5:07]fatwa when a lawyer tells you you have to do this that's

[5:13]a fetch one that's a legal that's what I'm a lawyer he's

[5:14]not telling you a piece of news he's giving you his judgment

[5:19]his gig he's giving you his opinion and there's a difference between

[5:23]giving news and giving a judgement passing a judgement giving an opinion

[5:31]jack aasif Marcin II says that you refer to a specialist on

[5:38]an opinion on something that requires an opinion something that requires a

[5:46]judgement something that requires gathering of information gathering of pieces of evidence

[5:51]something that requires analysis and then you receive a fatwa but the

[5:59]reliability or lack of reliability of a narrator it doesn't require analysis

[6:07]it doesn't require gathering of information doesn't require gathering of proof and

[6:12]evidence and clues you either know that this person is reliable or

[6:18]you don't know you've either sensed it or felt it or you

[6:21]haven't so you don't refer when you want to see if this

[6:28]person is reliable or unreliable there's no specialists specialists you refer to

[6:34]specialists on things that require clues and knowledge and evidence and analysis

[6:38]you don't refer to a specialist on things that are available for

[6:44]everyone for example today is that hot or is it cold you

[6:50]don't need to refer to a specialist to tell you that you

[6:52]could discover that yourself children could discover that themselves of today is

[6:57]hot what today is cold what day is it today is today

[7:03]Sunday or Monday you don't refer to a specialist that's something that's

[7:07]common knowledge basically the reliability or lack of reliability of a narrator

[7:11]that's common knowledge anyone can sense it anyone can feel it anyone

[7:15]can know it you refer it to a specialist on things that

[7:20]you don't know your cell phone unless you go and study for

[7:23]many years and you become a specialist yourself but a low Asafa

[7:27]reliability and lack of reliability it's not like that it's not something

[7:34]that requires a specialist this is what a shake a sophomore sending

[7:38]paws as a problem and indeed this is a significant problem that

[7:43]requires an answer do we have an answer yes we do we

[7:51]have four answers to answer a shake a slip Marcin II this

[7:57]highly respected Scotland number one we believe that large ID scholars when

[8:04]they tell us that this person is reliable or that person is

[8:09]not reliable this is an opinion this is not a piece of

[8:12]news this is a judgment we are referring to them as specialists

[8:22]these Regina scholars they're not telling us this person's reliable or not

[8:29]reliable just because they saw or sensed from a narrator that he's

[8:32]reliable or not reliable in many of the cases they did not

[8:35]even see these narrators Anna Josh never saw Sarada and he never

[8:41]saw Mohamed the minimal slim and in every saw UNICEF not man

[8:44]but he tells us that they're reliable how because he saw them

[8:48]or heard them or because they gathered clues and evidence or for

[8:54]example when they tell us that this person is unreliable because they

[8:58]saw them and their witness now know sometimes there's a a hundred

[9:03]year two hundred year gap between them and those narrators and transmitters

[9:07]so how is he telling me that they're unreliable we believe that

[9:12]he's gathering clues and evidence and he's analyzing he's analyzing their traditions

[9:19]their narrations it's a it's a complicated process of analysis and research

[9:27]and gathering of clues and finally he reaches a conclusion so this

[9:33]is one we believe that what they say it's based under HT

[9:39]and it's not based on their senses and we will discover that

[9:46]in the days to come in the and the lectures to come

[9:50]we see them sometimes authenticating certain narrators and transmitters based on their

[9:59]narrations not because they saw them lie or not lie they told

[10:02]the liar no based on their narrations if they narrated things that

[10:07]they feel are you know what we would say dodgy something that

[10:15]doesn't make sense for example for example they'll say we saw imam

[10:20]sadiq fly in the air for example they'll say no no this

[10:26]person is a liar because that can't be right that can't be

[10:29]right this person is a liar they'll judge the narrator based upon

[10:33]his narrations not because they saw him lie or not lie not

[10:39]because they met him face-to-face and they discovered that he's lying you

[10:46]know directly no they judge it upon his narrations so they're gathering

[10:52]clues and evidence they're analyzing his narrations to reach a conclusion whether

[10:59]he's reliable or not reliable so this tells us that they're not

[11:10]basing it on hiss they're basing it on hats what they're telling

[11:13]us is not a piece of news it's an opinion and a

[11:17]judgement because it's based upon gathering of clues it's not based upon

[11:22]their senses while you know they saw the narrator and they discovered

[11:25]that he's lying or that he's not lying no it's not like

[11:34]so this is one to some things some pieces of news some

[11:39]things that are Hesse that are felt they still needed a specialist

[11:49]chef Joseph martini says that the things that are felt and sensed

[11:54]they don't require a specialist cannot refer to a specialist when there

[11:59]are things that are felt and sense like the weather yes you'll

[12:06]refer to a meteorologist a specialist to tell you what is exactly

[12:11]the weather today is it 40 degrees or 38 degrees but is

[12:17]that hot or cold you don't need a specialist some things do

[12:20]need a specialist even if they're felt they need a specialist which

[12:25]kind of things the things that are felt and sensed but only

[12:32]for a group of people now for the majority for the majority

[12:36]of the people they're not felt or since they don't have access

[12:43]only some people have access others don't have access let me give

[12:48]you an example for example there's a a merger that no one

[12:52]sees except his family members his height his weight the color of

[12:59]his eyes the color is here do these require analysis no they

[13:04]don't require an analysis these are things that are felt and sensed

[13:08]you could see him but no one has access other than his

[13:16]family his family they become what specialists and experts we rely on

[13:22]them because they are the specialists because they are the experts we

[13:25]refer to them we have to take the word for it so

[13:30]if he says my father is ill or not ill my father

[13:34]is tall or he's not whatever he says regarding his father we

[13:37]take it we have to take it because they are the specialists

[13:43]because they are the experts although it's something that any of us

[13:47]could discover if we were to see but we don't have access

[13:49]and the reliability or lack of reliable and ability of certain narrations

[13:55]it's the same we don't have access to them our only access

[14:01]to them is through these rajadi scholars Ned Joshi Lucy Keshe a

[14:06]busybody and so on and so forth we don't have access there

[14:10]is over a thousand years over 12 centuries a gap of 12

[14:18]centuries between us and them we have no other access to discover

[14:21]whether they're reliable or not reliable other than these are the Johnnies

[14:26]scholars so this is two three who said that the reliability or

[14:35]lack of reliability of a narrator is something that is felt and

[14:40]discovered easily no we disagree with a shirker marcenia chakra Marcin he

[14:46]says that the reliability or lack of reliability of a narrator something

[14:50]that is felt and sensed immediately you can sense it you don't

[14:54]need to gather clues I'm one se la se la daddy you

[15:00]don't need to perform itch to hunt and gather clues to discover

[15:03]if a person is reliable or not reliable you could tell immediately

[15:09]you could sense if a person's reliable or no we're not reliable

[15:14]we disagree we disagree we believe that you have to gather clues

[15:19]and evidence to discover if a person's reliable or not reliable that

[15:25]is why some people for many years you think they're reliable all

[15:29]of a sudden after five 10 years you discover they're not reliable

[15:35]and vice versa some people you thought they're not reliable but there

[15:40]turn out to be reliable some people after a while you discover

[15:44]that they're not reliable you had to gather clues and evidence maybe

[15:50]his story did not you know it didn't check check out in

[15:59]this case and in that case you have to gather clues and

[16:03]evidence sometimes you can't know for a fact for example he tells

[16:09]a story but that story doesn't make a lot of sense you

[16:11]can't really tell if he's lying you can't tell he's lying just

[16:18]because it didn't make sense you could be telling the truth that's

[16:20]only one piece of evidence and then you gather another and a

[16:25]third and a fourth until you reach the conclusion that this person

[16:29]is unreliable or that this person is reliable so it is a

[16:33]matter of gathering clues and evidence it's not a matter of a

[16:40]matter of sensing it it could be some people are so unreliable

[16:43]that from the first thing that they say discover they're unreliable and

[16:49]others they're very discreet they're very secretive where you can't tell are

[16:56]they reliable or are they not reliable this will require patience or

[17:00]will require time and will require gathering of clues and evidence and

[17:05]finally the fourth reply to a shift and varsity is that there

[17:17]are certain things that in the beginning they require gathering of clues

[17:24]but due to experience they become things that are discovered easily so

[17:32]in the beginning some things could be hat a hat see but

[17:36]then later on due to the experience they become hesse but we

[17:40]you still refer to that person because he's an expert as a

[17:45]specialist let me give you an example doctors a doctor in the

[17:55]beginning when he or she graduates in order to diagnose an illness

[18:00]they gather clues and evidence so for example you go to a

[18:05]doctor and they want to see if do you have this illness

[18:12]or you don't have that illness first they take your blood pressure

[18:16]they'll listen to your chest do you have cops or you don't

[18:26]have cops they might make you go and take an MRI exam

[18:29]or a cat scan or you might need x-ray you might need

[18:37]to have your blood examined a blood exam a blood test once

[18:42]they gather all of this information once they have all of these

[18:48]examinations and tests they've checked your blood pressure and they've checked your

[18:53]that there's a blood exam blood tests you've done your MRI then

[18:57]your x-ray you've done your cat scan you've done all of these

[19:00]exams once they put all of these evidences pieces of evidence or

[19:07]proof together then you'll tell you listen we believe you have this

[19:12]illness or based on the results you don't have this illness but

[19:17]this doctor after 10 years 20 years 30 years and practice do

[19:24]you think he'll still need all of these exams and test results

[19:29]no because that illness he'd seen so many people with that illness

[19:33]that he could tell right away right away and I have seen

[19:38]doctors like that as soon as they see you as soon as

[19:40]they you know they checked your blood blood only to put on

[19:46]that's just the you know this is it's that's gonna scope or

[19:49]whatever it is they just check your blood blood pressure they check

[19:59]your vein and they tell you you have this illness or you

[20:02]don't have that illness it becomes natural something that required clues and

[20:11]evidence now doesn't require closing evidence they could discover it right away

[20:15]something that was head C becomes hat C I'm sorry something that

[20:21]was head C becomes Hesse what do we still refer to our

[20:24]doctor as a specialist or we don't of course we do just

[20:28]because it became Hesse for him something that he could tell right

[20:32]away does that mean that we don't refer to to him as

[20:37]a as an expert or a specialist no on the contrary we'd

[20:40]prefer to refer to him because now he's a he's a full-on

[20:46]expert where he could tell and give you answers right away it

[20:48]doesn't need clues anymore and the same goes for for example deduct

[20:54]detectives and detecting a crime if there's a robbery in the beginning

[21:05]in the early years of the career that investigator needs to collect

[21:09]a lot of clues and will acquire them months in order to

[21:13]discover a crime but as that person grows older and gains expertise

[21:16]and experience that person can discover a crime within a matter of

[21:22]minutes you could say that it's this person or that person with

[21:26]very minimal clues so this problem by a shave Marcin II can

[21:39]be solved now we have two other problems that we face in

[21:45]referring to a or a Chinese scholar and these two problems we

[21:50]will try to summarize and the next couple of minutes this problem

[21:57]says the following when you refer to a with a Chinese scholar

[22:01]do we do you refer to him as an expert or as

[22:07]a narrator in other words is he giving you an opinion or

[22:11]is he giving you a piece of news and both of them

[22:17]have problems let's take the first you are referring to other Chinese

[22:23]scholar because he's giving you an opinion now if it it's if

[22:27]it's a person from the legatee a layperson their official Chinese scholar

[22:31]that's not a problem but if a jurist wants to refer to

[22:37]rajadi scholar and takes his opinion isn't that took a lead of

[22:41]him is any performing tough lead of that a jolly scholar while

[22:47]in which to hit he has to do all of his research

[22:53]you can't rely upon others in his HT HOD I'm trying to

[22:56]drive along anything that I need to derive that law I need

[23:01]to go and research it I can't rely on the research of

[23:04]someone else otherwise that becomes tough to lead and not pitched out

[23:10]well first of all this is partially true and partially natural i

[23:17]cannot rely on the research of another jurist as a jurist i

[23:24]cannot rely on the research of another jurist if it's on the

[23:29]important premises of my argument for example i cannot rely on their

[23:35]understanding of another jurist when it comes to the Quran or the

[23:42]narrations a hadith this is I have to employ my own understanding

[23:45]of the Quran and hadith so when it comes to filter well

[23:48]soon filter I cannot rely on the principles of another scholar when

[23:56]it comes slowly on foot for example another scholar relies on Jamaat

[23:59]so I rely on him I say you know what a Jamaat

[24:03]I could rely on a Jamaa why who said I said because

[24:07]that scholar said something I didn't do my own research when it

[24:10]comes to a Jamaa can I rely on it in Jamaat or

[24:13]can I not rely on ajumma I can't do that that becomes

[24:18]tough lead because these are important premises for my process of derivations

[24:25]however there are some premises that are not important that are well

[24:31]researched in other sciences that I may refer to others for example

[24:37]in tip see how this verse has been interpreted can I rely

[24:45]on scholars some say you can when it comes to logic month

[24:48]look I don't go and do my research in month what a

[24:55]month apiece scholar tells me what he'll audition so to speak tells

[25:00]me I take for granted and I built upon it or even

[25:05]scientists if a scientist tells me that so and so I'm not

[25:08]gonna go do my research in science a much that that's that's

[25:13]not his field of expertise he relies on scientists who relies on

[25:17]economics scholars of economics and so on and so forth if it

[25:19]has to do with his HT HOD and that's fine experts can

[25:26]rely on other experts just like doctors a doctor why does he

[25:30]refer you to a cat-scan specialist or a my MRI specialist and

[25:36]he relies on his report when you go and perform an MRI

[25:39]they give you a report you take that report and you bring

[25:44]it to your doctor and based on that report your doctor tells

[25:47]you what to do does that mean he's doing that the lead

[25:49]of another doctor no he's still he's still an expert because there's

[25:56]so many fields out there and there's so many specializations out there

[26:00]there's no way you could specialize in all of these fields no

[26:04]Wayne when it comes to every grammar as a jurist he's not

[26:08]gonna go do research and every grammar he's gonna take them the

[26:12]laws of grammar as is as its given to him he's not

[26:18]gonna go and do his research when it comes to grammar is

[26:21]it this way or is it that way no there's a sets

[26:24]of laws and grammar that he's going to take for granted and

[26:29]so to when it comes to the John he's gonna rely on

[26:33]a what a JD Scholar when he tells them that this person

[26:37]is reliable or that person is reliable because he's the expert no

[26:43]matter how much I research regarding for example zarada Najah she is

[26:48]still gonna be the expert he's gonna be more knowledgeable than me

[26:51]Lucy is gonna be more knowledgeable than me regarding Iran or others

[26:57]I'm not gonna beat him and that field that that's his field

[27:02]so that is fine although he's an expert I still may refer

[27:09]to him the other problem also posed by a sheikh Asif Marcin

[27:19]II he says if we were to rely upon in a Johnny

[27:23]Scholar not not as an opinion but as a piece of news

[27:28]I will rely on na Joshi on when they tell me this

[27:33]person is reliable or that person is not Allah because he's giving

[27:36]me news and we have to remember there's at least a 200

[27:43]year gap between Najarian and the narrators and transmitters of hadith 200

[27:48]150 maybe 150 a hundred years at least between them and the

[27:57]narrator's the Companions of the Imams so they didn't see the Imams

[28:01]supposedly there was news that reach them passed from one generation to

[28:07]the next so at the times of the Imams and a debate

[28:13]there were companions that recorded they wrote books on the credibility of

[28:18]certain narrators this person was credible that person was not credible this

[28:22]person is credible that person is not and these books they were

[28:25]abundant and they were passed from one generation to the next until

[28:28]they reached new Joshi on so when they tell us this person's

[28:36]reliable he has a source he has a chain of narrators who

[28:38]see has a chain of narrators that are telling him this which

[28:41]is reliable and that person is not reliable but the problem is

[28:46]when we refer to the book of Magento see they don't tell

[28:52]us what their sources Najah she simply tells us this person's Cisco

[28:57]that person's Nautica but what's his source we don't know this is

[29:04]a problem it's like a person who did not see the Imam

[29:08]he did not see the Imam he came 200 years after the

[29:13]Imam and he narrates a hadith taken by the EEMA there's a

[29:18]200 year gap how can he narrate from the Imam and he

[29:22]came 200 years after the Imam he has to mention his source

[29:27]he has to mention his chain of narrators if he doesn't this

[29:32]is called moral sell hadith morcín meaning the chain of narrators is

[29:37]unknown and we cannot nare we cannot rely on a hadith more

[29:40]self we cannot narrate we cannot rely on a hadith where it

[29:45]doesn't have a chain of narrators or it does but we don't

[29:47]know what it is no jealousy they don't tell us what their

[29:52]sources what their chain of narrators are so this is a problem

[29:55]this is a problem for whom for someone who accepts owner Rajani

[30:02]he accepts the words of Allah jolly on the pretext that it's

[30:05]a piece of news that's a reliable person telling us a story

[30:09]a piece of news so people I could say the Hawaii will

[30:12]fall will face this problem say the Sistani tried to fix the

[30:24]problem he says that Najah Shambu see when they tell us this

[30:29]person is reliable or not reliable based upon numerous reports based upon

[30:35]numerous reports and so they don't need to tell us what the

[30:41]source is when it's numerous reports for example if a hundred people

[30:46]tell you that so-and-so politician is corrupt you believe that that person

[30:53]is corrupt that politicians is corrupt and you say it in one

[30:56]of your lectures the unit mention a source you don't need to

[30:58]mention a source because a hundred people told you it's a new

[31:05]numerous reports you don't even need to cite your source say it

[31:08]Sistani says that natasha Lucy they had numerous reports they had numerous

[31:11]sources so if you don't need to cite their sources chef oz

[31:18]of Mycenae he says this is not correct because if there were

[31:22]numerous reports then why do they conflict lucien Najah she sometimes Natasha

[31:28]authenticates a narrator Najah she says no that person is not reliable

[31:33]if there were numerous reports they should reach the same conclusion but

[31:39]they don't in fact sometimes they conflict with them Boosie in one

[31:46]of his books he says this person's reliable and another Brook he

[31:50]says he's not reliable if it's based upon numerous reports why would

[31:54]he conflict' with himself why would they come flick with these with

[31:58]each other Shay he decided he also had Sheikh Mohammed Ibaka sundaramma

[32:08]gelati his he made an effort to answer he says that it

[32:11]was clear for them kind of woven no Joshua when he says

[32:16]this person is reliable that person's not real because it was clear

[32:19]friend just awesome I said he says what do you mean by

[32:23]clear how was it clear friend do you mean there were numerous

[32:26]reports well we already answered that what do you mean by clear

[32:28]and how could it be clear when they both conflict if these

[32:34]new reports were clear so why do why doesn't it Joshi on

[32:39]blue see sometimes they come flip around one another my humble answer

[32:43]and by the way she's also more sitting he says that if

[32:47]someone gives me the answer to this problem I will give him

[32:52]a sum of money and incidentally I met a of Mycenae several

[32:56]months ago here in Kibera and I told him I hope you've

[32:59]brought a lot of money with you because I have an answer

[33:03]of course he laughed and he didn't accept my answer but I

[33:05]will say it for me it's convincing but for him it might

[33:09]not be convincing that this problem is based on a wrong pretext

[33:16]that new Joshi and Lucy they're not citing their source and so

[33:23]we cannot accept what they say because they're not signing their source

[33:27]and if they don't cite their source how can we accept what

[33:30]Natasha and Lucy say that means we cannot even accept any knowledge

[33:35]on any matter China's becomes useless because it's based upon unknown sources

[33:43]this is all based on a wrong pretext and that pretext is

[33:46]that we are relying on you Joshi and Lucy because they are

[33:52]reliable narrators giving us a piece of news but if we base

[33:55]it on the pretext that we accepted they are specialists there are

[33:59]experts an expert you don't ask them for your source you don't

[34:03]ask him for your proof you don't tell them what is your

[34:06]source no an expert is an expert when you go to a

[34:11]doctor you don't tell him why do you think I have this

[34:14]why do you think I have that no he's telling you his

[34:17]expert view and you you accept it whether you like it or

[34:22]you don't or you could refer to another doctor you don't ask

[34:24]him for his source so it depends on which pretext the accept

[34:31]if you accept the pretext that says they are experts a Helen

[34:35]Cobra then you don't need to ask for their source and I

[34:43]will conclude here and shuttle on the next episode we will discuss

[34:48]the later scholars of al-mi'raj on a limit on these scholars new

[34:54]joshi Lucy a vanilla neva Eddy Keshe there were the scholars of

[35:01]the formative period but after 200 years other scholars came they are

[35:05]called a limit on the later scholars like an Alama al Henley

[35:08]and others can we rely on them when they authenticate certain narrators

[35:12]or not this will come in another episode in sha Allah alhamdulillah

[35:18]albertalli me know some Allah Allah Muhammad my hotbar honey

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5- Intro to Rijal Studies - The Experts on Rijal - Sayed Hossein Qazwini

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