عقود حياة السيد السيستاني وأبرز الأحداث التي عاصرها

19 Bekeken· 23/10/30

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يقدم التقرير تقديماً لحياة السيد السيستاني منذ ان فتح عينيه على قبة الإمام الرضا (عليه السلام) في خراسان عام ١٩٣٠م، وكيف وضع قدمه على سلّم العلوم الحوزوية مرتقياً المراحل واحدة تلو الأخرى مع صغر سنه، ثم انتقاله الى قم المقدسة وبعدها الى كربلاء المقدسة وهو طالبٌ للبحث الخارج ثم الى النجف الأشرف، وبقي عاكفاً بجوار أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) الى أن نال مناه ببلوغ درجة الاجتهاد بشهادة أساتذته عام ١٩٦١م، وكيف عاشر الصراعات السياسية والثقافية المختلفة في العراق والعالم.

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[0:02]Decades in the life of Sayyid Ali Al-Sistani The First Decade 1930-1939

[0:14]In the year of 1930, he opened his eyes on the dome

[0:19]of Imam Al-Ridha in Khorasan.

[0:21]A child from the offspring of Husayn al Asghar, the son of

[0:24]Imam Zayn Al-Abidin.

[0:25]And the grandson of the great philosopher and the author of Sharh

[0:29]Alqabasat Mir Mohammad Baqir Aldamad Deceased in the town of Alkifl in

[0:35]Hilla And buried in Najaf, 300 years before the birth of his

[0:40]great-grandson.

[0:41]Under the care of his father Sayyid Mohammad Baqir Al-Sistani He began

[0:45]to learn, to read, to write and to memorize the Quran at

[0:49]the age of five.

[0:51]In the same year, the Iranian Shah Reza Pahlavi, banned women from

[0:56]wearing hijab throughout the country.

[0:58]And said: "From now on the West will not laugh at us

[1:01]anymore" The security forces started to forcefully remove the hijab from women

[1:05]on the streets.

[1:06]The religious scholars and masses objected and protested in Goharshad Mosque, adjacent

[1:11]to the shrine of Imam Al-Ridha The Shah forces closed the doors

[1:16]and opened fire on the protesters, Leaving about 1600 martyrs in a

[1:21]horrific massacre that has not been witnessed in Khorasan before The Second

[1:27]Decade 1940-1949 At the age of eleven The young boy started to

[1:31]climb the ladder of Hawza sciences He excelled in a short period

[1:36]of time in the stages of Moqaddimat, Sutooh and Kharej.

[1:40]In the early years of his youth he attended theology lectures Presented

[1:45]by Ayatollah Sheikh Mahdi Isfahani He attended Kharej classes of Sheikh Mahdi

[1:51]Ashtiani and Mirza Hashim Al-Qazwini At the age of 18, the thirst

[1:56]for knowledge was burning within him So he travelled to Qom, neighbouring

[2:01]the shrine of Sayyida Masumah and attended the lectures of the great

[2:06]faqih Sayyid Mohammad Al-Hujjah Kuh-Kamari And the great marja' Sayyid Husayn Brojerdi

[2:12]for two years The Third Decade 1950-1959 Holy Karbala During the Arbaeen

[2:22]Ziyara, the 21-year-old Kharej student from Khorasan, entered Iraq for the first

[2:30]time That will be highest Shi'a Marja' 45 years later After visiting

[2:37]his grandfather, Imam Hussayn He travelled to Najaf, near the shrine of

[2:41]Imam Ali and the most in-depth religious study circles sought by students

[2:46]from around the world The travelling stranger lived in a small room

[2:52]in Bokhara'e School in Alhuwaish neighbourhood He found what he was seeking

[2:58]in the lessons of two lecturers in Najaf Ayatollah Abu-Al-Qasim Al-Khoei and

[3:03]Sheikh Hussayn Al-Hilli He stayed by their sides for 10 years He

[3:08]also attended the lectures of the Shiite’s leader of his time, Sayyid

[3:12]Mohsin Al-Hakeem That decade witnessed political struggles such as the fall of

[3:17]the monarchy And Abdul Kareem Qasim's leadership in the Republic government And

[3:22]political disputes between Arab countries Most importantly between Qasim and Abdul-Nasir Also,

[3:29]the cultural struggles, with the rising of the communism and the intellectual

[3:33]confrontations between the Hawza and atheist blocs.

[3:37]It is reported That Sayyid in his twenties had read tens of

[3:42]books about Marxist theories during that period.

[3:46]The Fourth Decade 1960-1969 The student added to his educational achievements high

[3:52]levels of ascetism and self-discipline The young man had seen nothing in

[3:57]his life other than small rental houses he shared with his wife

[4:01]Who was overwhelmed by her husband’s spirituality and altruism from the first

[4:06]week of their marital life..

[4:08]When on his friend's wedding night Al-Sistani rolled up his house's only

[4:13]rug and gave it to him because he lacked furniture..

[4:17]His wife is the granddaughter of the great Marja' of his time,

[4:20]the guest of Samarra Sayyid Mohammed Hasan Al-Shirazi, who initiated the tobacco

[4:26]revolution Al-Shirazi was the mentor of Mashhad’s scholar Sayyid Ali, the grandfather

[4:31]of Sayyid Ali Al-Sistani In one of his letters Sayyid Sistani wrote:

[4:37]"I have always laid the biography of our past senior scholars' such

[4:40]as Al-Moqadas Al-Ardabili, Sheikh Al-Ansari and Sheikh Ridha Al-Hamadani, Allah rest their

[4:47]souls, in front of my eyes.

[4:50]I strongly believed, that avoidance of living in luxury is not only

[4:55]for Maraje', but it is also important and necessary for all students

[5:00]of religious studies" After years of perseverance studying, near the shrine of

[5:05]Ameer Al-Mo’mineen he achieved his goal and gained his wish His scholars

[5:10]witnessed his achievement of ijtihad The 31-year-old, Hussayni student became known from

[5:17]that day on as Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Al-Sistani, Who is no longer

[5:27]allowed to follow others (Taqleed) and must act accordingly to what he

[5:31]sees right, according to Sharia proofs Ayatollah’s engagement into knowledge, did not

[5:36]prevent him from following public events Abdul-Salam Aref and his officers turned

[5:44]against Qasim and executed him in the Radio and Television Department Not

[5:49]five years have passed until the Ba’aths turned against Abdul-Rahman Aref The

[5:54]country was affected from the cold war, between the Soviet Union and

[5:59]the United States with each party having some power inside Iraq.

[6:04]With close monitoring, Ayatollah followed how did the masses think who drives

[6:10]the public opinion, and how the collective mind of the Iraqi society

[6:13]was being shaped He also closely monitored the Arabs war against the

[6:19]Zionists in 1967 and the difference between the speeches and the true

[6:24]stance of the Arab countries The Fifth Decade 1970-1979 With his scientific

[6:31]intelligence Ayatollah was delivering his Kharej lectures with a type of novelty

[6:36]and linking between Hawza sciences and contemporary theories Some of his students

[6:40]report that when discussing matters of commerce and the options of breaking

[6:44]a contract he reviewed the French law and the Egyptian law to

[6:48]keep pace of presenting contemporary theories..

[6:51]He was competent in presenting the three school of theory he was

[6:55]educated in School of Mashhad by Sheikh Al-Asfahani School of Qom by

[7:01]Sayyid Al-Brojerdi and School of Najaf, with its scholars Al-Khoei and Al-Hilli

[7:07]As Imam Ali said: "The days of life bring forward experiences.." Major

[7:11]events continued to happen in Iraq and the world, and the experience

[7:15]of Ayatollah accumulated In Lebanon, politics played on sectarianism, thus starting the

[7:21]civil war Sayyid watched the war as it burned everything for 15

[7:27]years It is the fire of sectarianism, that Al-Sistani knows its true

[7:32]impact.

[7:33]After 30 years of the Lebanese civil war he would be able

[7:37]to extinguish that same fire in Iraq with his wisdom whenever imposters

[7:41]tried to ignite it At the end of this decade, one of

[7:44]the most important changes in the Middle East occurred the downfall of

[7:48]Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the announcement of the Islamic Republic of

[7:52]Iran under the leadership of Sayyid Khomeini and soon someone on the

[7:57]other bank of Shatt Al-Arab, became the policeman of the Gulf ….

[8:00]and thus the war broke The Sixth Decade 1980-1989 With the absolute

[8:08]international support for the Ba’ath authority the price of independence, in decision-making

[8:13]and acting was very costly And the Hawza was on the crossroads

[8:17]between bowing and issuing fatwas on the whim of the ruler or

[8:21]facing eradication and annihilation When the regime was unable to extract a

[8:26]single word of appeasement It targeted the Hawza on three domains First

[8:31]Banishment of its scholars He began the deportation of hundreds of non-Iraqi

[8:35]pupils of Sayyid Al-Khoei and some of them were Mujtahids such as

[8:41]Ayatollah Sayyid Mohamed Al-Rouhani and Sheikh Jawad Al-Tabrizi The deportation included students

[8:47]of Sayyid Al-Sistani as he himself was close to being deported more

[8:50]than once Second Stripping its moral value by spreading rumours and lies

[8:57]about the scholars in various ways even before the appearance of internet

[9:01]and websites in our time which makes it very simple to do.

[9:05]Third Physical elimination Over the years, schools and ancient mosques were destroyed

[9:13]with the bloodshed of Mujathids from the scholars of Najaf Families on

[9:16]the verge of extermination, while others were tortured in prison Wounds that

[9:22]today's generation will not know about and will witness a great scene

[9:26]on Judgement Day.

[9:28]Ayatollah Sayyid Ala’adeen Bahr-Al-Uloom, and three of his sons Ayatollah Sayyid Jafar

[9:34]Bahr-Al-Uloom with two of his sons and three of his brothers Ayatollah

[9:39]Sayyid Mohamed Baqir Al-Sadr and his sister Al-Alawiyah Ayatollah Sayyid Abdul-Sahib Al-Hakeem

[9:44]and 47 of men and women from the Hakeem family Ayatollah Sheikh

[9:51]Mohamed Taqi Al-Jawahiri Al-Najafi Ayatollah Sayyid Mortadha Al-Khalkhali with his son and

[9:57]three of his grandchildren Ayatollah Sayyid Mohamed Taqi Al-Jalali Al-Karbalaie Ayatollah Sheikh

[10:07]Ahmad Al-Ansari Ayatollah Sayyid Nasrullah Al-Mustanbit Many of them without graves to

[10:14]this day, each individual was a project in themselves The Hawza is

[10:19]still suffering from its loss hard work awaits the Hawza to compensate

[10:25]this great loss, After the regime’s failure in breaking the silence of

[10:29]Sayyid Al-Khoei and his resistance it then targeted his life, personally He

[10:34]miraculously survived from a grenade attack his followers urged him to leave

[10:40]Iraq The leaving of highest Marja’ meant the end of the official

[10:45]presence of the Hawza of Najaf He said: "I will not leave

[10:49]Iraq and will not let anyone say: there was a Hawza in

[10:53]Najaf founded by al-Thusi and destroyed by Al-Khoei" Later, Sayyid Al-Khoei suffered

[10:58]from an illness therefore he missed Salat Al-Jama’a (congregational prayer) in the

[11:02]Khadhraa mosque he was worried that the regime would take his absence

[11:06]as a sign of weakness or retreat so the regime will attempt

[11:10]to replace him with one of their followers So, he asked his

[11:14]student Al-Sistani to lead the prayer in the mosque Sayyid Al-Sistani abstained

[11:18]due to the avoidance of privileges of such religious leadership except that

[11:22]his mentor repeated the request With the urgency of filling the void

[11:26]as soon as possible..

[11:27]he then did not hold back in performing his duty.

[11:31]Ayatollah stood as the Imam of the prayer in Al-Khadraa mosque The

[11:35]Seventh Decade 1990-1999 Saddam quickly entered a new war by invading Kuwait,

[11:42]then suppressed the Sha’abaniyah uprising.

[11:45]At that time, someone was needed to restore security and deter chaos

[11:49]in social matters..

[11:50]Thus Sayyid Al-Khoei issued a statement to form a committee to oversee

[11:55]the situations Quickly the American changed their stance and the regime came

[12:00]back to carry out its most cruel mass revenge that Iraq has

[12:03]ever witnessed under the cover of the coalition air forces, that were

[12:07]a few days earlier, attacking the regimes war machines Sayyid Al-Khoei and

[12:11]most of his students were arrested Sayyid Al-Sistani was brutally tortured in

[12:16]Al-Salam hotel in Najaf then afterwards at Al-Razaza camp Later at Al-Radhwaniyah

[12:22]detention camp, in an attempt to break him Sayyid Al-Khoei passed away,

[12:27]and the regime prohibited his funeral As the eyes of the intelligence

[12:31]forces monitored everything that happened on the day of his funeral His

[12:34]followers resorted to the scholars of Najaf to determine their stance.

[12:39]They were referred by senior jurists such as Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Beheshti

[12:44]Ayatollah Sheikh Mortadha Al-Brojerdi to follow the 62 year-old Sayyid Al-Sistani.

[12:50]With the passing away of the two Marja’, Sayyid Abd al-A'la al-Sabzawari

[12:54]and Sayyid Mohamed Ridha Golpaygani his followers increased in number, and the

[13:00]regime felt the need to separate between Najaf's Marja’ and the masses

[13:04]It forcefully closed Al-Khadhraa mosque.

[13:07]With the demise of the other two Marja' Sheikh Mohamed Ali Al-Araki

[13:10]and Sayyid Mohamad Al-Rouhani, Sayyid Al-Sistani, the inheritor of the past great

[13:15]scholars, became the Marja’ and leader of the Shi’a in the world

[13:19]In the following year, the regime had several plans to eliminate him

[13:24]as later revealed by intelligent documents.

[13:27]One of which was an assassination attempt during which, one of his

[13:32]employees was killed As what happened with his mentor Al-Khoei, some of

[13:37]his followers suggested him leaving Iraq And the answer was the same

[13:42]"Our fate is connected to Iraq's fate" And that is how he

[13:47]remained in his home until the regimes fall Thanks for watching!

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